Endocrine WKS

Question 1

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) - stimulates Anterior Pituitary to release TSH.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) – stimulates the Anterior Pituitary to release ACTH.
Growth hormone releasing and Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHRH and GHIH)
Prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH)
Melanocyte inhibiting hormone (MIH)

Answer 1

Hypothalamus – control center - hormones

Question 2

Regulation of endocrine glands through secretion of releasing hormones that travel to the Pituitary Gland. The main ones for this class are CRH and TRH.

Answer 2

Hypothalamus – control center - effects/regulates

Question 3

Anterior:
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone– stimulates adrenals)
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone-gonadotropin)
LH (Luteinizing hormone-gonadotropin)
Prolactin
Growth
MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone)
Posterior:
ADH (antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin)
Oxytocin

Answer 3

Pituitary – master gland - hormones

Question 4

Almost all other endocrine glands
TSH- release of thyroid hormones
ACTH-stimulates synthesis and release of corticosteroids and adrenocortical growth
FSH-stimulates estrogen secretion and follicle maturation (in men called sertoi cell and stimulates spermatogenesis)
LH-stimulates ovulation and progesterone secretion (in men called leydig cells and stimulates testosterone secretion)
Prolactin-breast milk production
Growth-promotes growth in bone and soft tissue
MSH-promotes pigmentation
ADH – retention of water by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys
Oxytocin-stimulates uterine contractions and ejection of breast milk

Answer 4

Pituitary – master gland - effects/regulates

Question 5

T3 and T4
Calcitonin

Answer 5

Thyroid - hormones

Question 6

T3 and T4-Increases metabolism
Calcitonin- tones down Ca levels

Answer 6

Thyroid - effects/regulates

Question 7

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 7

Parathyroid - hormones

Question 8

PTH- regulates calcium levels (high PTH increases serum calcium and low PTH decreases serum calcium)
PTH causes the release of calcium from the bones and absorption of calcium in the kidneys and release of vitamin D which helps calcium absorption from the GI tract

Answer 8

Parathyroid - effects/regulates

Question 9

Adrenal Cortex:
Mineralocorticoids – Aldosterone
Glucocorticoids – Cortisol
Adrenal Medulla:
Epinephrine/Norepinephrine

Answer 9

Adrenal - hormones

Question 10

Cortisol – increases blood glucose and decreases immune response
Aldosterone – Na+ reabsorption, K+ excretion
Epinephrine- induces increased vascular smooth muscle contraction, pupillary dilator muscle contraction, and intestinal sphincter muscle contraction
Norepinephrine- Increases alertness, arousal and attention

Answer 10

Adrenal - effects/regulates

Question 11

Beta cells – Insulin, Amylin
Alpha cells – Glucagon
Delta cells-Somatostatin

Answer 11

Pancreas - hormones

Question 12

Regulates blood glucose levels
Insulin and amylin-decreases blood glucose, promotes movement and storage of glucose
Glucagon-increases blood glucose
Somatostatin-inhibits the release of glucagon and insulin from the pancreas

Answer 12

Pancreas - effects/regulates

Question 13

Older adult is at greater risk for _______ because of decrease in _______ production, urine is more dilute and may not concentrate when fluid intake is low

Answer 13

dehydration
ADH

Question 14

Bone density decreases because of a decreased ovarian production of _______

Answer 14

estrogen

Question 15

Perineal and vaginal tissues become drier, risk for ______ increases

Answer 15

cystitis

Question 16

_____ and _____ may occur in the older adult because of a decreased tolerance to glucose

Answer 16

Polydipsia
Polyuria

Question 17

Provocative tests: give a stimulus to a gland to see if the gland responds.
Suppression tests: drugs or substances given that would normally suppress a hormone then lab work done
Ex. a drug may be given that would stimulate a gland to release a hormone. Levels of that hormone will be drawn prior to administration and then following administration of drug (cortisol stimulation tests to evaluate adrenal function)

Answer 17

What is the purpose of provocative and suppression blood tests related to endocrine function?

Question 18

Testing blood levels for ___ are important in the assessment of diabetes.

Answer 18

glucose

Question 19

When evaluating thyroid function common assay levels are drawn for ___, ______ and ______ hormones.

Answer 19

TSH
T3
T4

Question 20

_______is the best imaging test to evaluate the pituitary gland.

Answer 20

MRI

Question 21

Diagnostic tests used to evaluate the thyroid and parathyroid gland could include an ____________ and possibly a ____.

Answer 21

ultrasound
needle biopsy