Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AHI > Care of Patients with Musculoskeletal Problems II > Flashcards

Care of Patients with Musculoskeletal Problems II Flashcards

1
Q

Loss of bone related to a vitamin D deficiency
Interventions:
Child form: rickets

A

Osteomalacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bones soften secondary to inadequate amounts of calcium and phosphorus in the bone matrix - not calcify properly without D

A

Loss of bone related to a vitamin D deficiency - Osteomalacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Increase vitamin D intake through diet
Daily sun exposure
Vitamin D supplements

A

Interventions: - Osteomalacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Milk, eggs, swordfish, chicken, liver, enriched cereals and bread products
Read labels that things high in D

A

Increase vitamin D intake through diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

5 minutes each day
UV radiation to activate D

A

Daily sun exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ergocalciferol

A

Vitamin D supplements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Also called osteitis deformans
Second most common bone disease after osteoporosis
Pathophysiology
May occur in one bone or multiple sites - bone and joint pain; reforming not in proper way
Two types
Clinical manifestations
Increased risk for bone cancer
Diagnostic assessment
Interventions
Aspirin or NSAIDS for mild to moderate pain
Heat and gentle massage - help with pain
Exercise - good idea; weight bearing helps rebuild bone
Diet rich in calcium and Vitamin D - risk for hypocalcemia with bisphosphonates

A

Paget’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chronic metabolic disorder
Bone is excessively broken down and then reformed - increased osteoblasts and clasts
Bone is structurally disorganized
Bones are weak and at increased risk for fractures - not as strong
Risk for bowing

A

Pathophysiology - Paget’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Familial and sporadic

A

Two types - Paget’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Asymptomatic OR
Bone and joint pain
Pathological fractures
Bowing of long bones
Enlarged, thick skull

A

Clinical manifestations - Paget’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Increase in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Increase in urinary hydroxyproline levels
Elevated uric acid
X-rays - enlarged bones; indicate make have paget’s
Bone scan - definitive; inject radioactive dye

A

Diagnostic assessment - Paget’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Caused by overactive osteoblasts

A

Increase in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Indicates the degree of disease severity
Reflects bone collagen turnover/breaking down

A

Increase in urinary hydroxyproline levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Oral bisphosphonates when ALP levels are at least twice the normal level - prevent breakdown bones
Monoclonal antibody
Calcitonin

A

Interventions - Paget’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ex. aldreonate (Fosamax); risedronate (Actonel)

A

Oral bisphosphonates when ALP levels are at least twice the normal level - prevent breakdown bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ex. denosumab (Prolia)
Binds to a protein that is essential for the formation, function, and survival of osteoclasts
Inhibits osteoclasts life

A

Monoclonal antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hormone that reduces bone resorption and relieves pain
Given SQ
Used in patients that do not tolerate bisphosphonates
Prevent breaking down bone and resorption

A

Calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Infection in a/of bone
Etiology
May be acute or chronic
Can be severe and difficult to treat
Clinical manifestations of acute infection

A

Osteomyelitis

19
Q

Bacteria, virus or fungi
Diff treat

A

Infection in a/of bone - Osteomyelitis

20
Q

Infectious organisms enter from outside of the body to bone
Organisms are carried by the bloodstream from other areas of infection in the body
Once enters bone tissue inflamed, vessels leak causing edema compromising blood flow to bone causing necrosis, tissues around bone inflamed

A

Etiology - Osteomyelitis

21
Q

Fever - VERY HIGH
Swelling - infected around
Erythema - infected around
Tenderness
Bone pain that is constant, localized, and pulsating and intensifies with movement - adequately address

A

Clinical manifestations of acute infection - Osteomyelitis

22
Q

Physical assessment
Lab
Diagnostic

A

Osteomyelitis: assessment

23
Q

Assess for clinical manifestations

A

Physical assessment

24
Q

Elevated WBC - infection
Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Positive blood cultures

A

Lab

25
Q

Radionuclide scanning
MRI
*While bone changes can not be detected early with x-ray, changes in blood flow to the bone can be seen by radionuclide scan and MRI

A

Diagnostic

26
Q

normal early in the course of the disease - inflammation; stay elevated for long-period time

A

Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

27
Q

Occurs when bacteremia is present - infection in bloodstream can get into bone

A

Positive blood cultures

28
Q

IV antibiotic therapy long-term
Contact precautions
Wound care - take care external wounds
Drug therapy for pain control

A

Osteomyelitis: interventions: Acute

29
Q

May possibly need multiple antibiotics

A

IV antibiotic therapy long-term

30
Q

If the presence of copious wound drainage
MRSA/S aureus
Antibiotic resistant organisms sometimes

A

Contact precautions

31
Q

IV antibiotic therapy
Hyperbaric oxygen chamber (HBO) therapy
Surgery

A

Osteomyelitis: interventions: Chronic

32
Q

Optimal time not well established

A

IV antibiotic therapy

33
Q

Used to increase tissue perfusion by exposure to high levels of oxygen
High doses O2; increase O2 treatment

A

Hyperbaric oxygen chamber (HBO) therapy

34
Q

Debride or get rid necrotic so treatments can be effective
Check for neurovascular compromises

A

Surgery

35
Q

Most often occurs in people between 10 and 30 - peds most often
Small percentage of cancers
Osteosarcoma most common type
Ewing’s sarcoma
Chondrosarcoma - cartilage tissue
Fibrosarcomas - fibrous tissue
Metastasis to lungs often

A

Bone cancer: Primary

36
Q

More than 50% occur in the distal femur - LE long-bones
Seen in Paget’s disease pats

A

Osteosarcoma most common type

37
Q

Most malignant but not as often

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

38
Q

Originate in other tissues and metastasize to the bone
Pathological fractures often

A

Secondary: Bone cancer

39
Q

Unknown
exposed to prior radiation, Paget’s disease
Genetic and environmental factors are likely causes

A

Etiology: Bone cancer

40
Q

Determine the patient’s general health
Ask the patient if they have had previous radiation therapy
Clinical manifestations depend on the type of lesion
Diagnostic

A

Bone cancer: assessment

41
Q

Pain
Local swelling
Tender, palpable mass is possible

A

Clinical manifestations depend on the type of lesion - Bone cancer: assessment

42
Q

X-rays - pathological fractures, tumor, mass
CT - pathological fractures, tumor, mass
MRI - pathological fractures, tumor, mass
Needle bone biopsy - definitive

A

Diagnostic - Bone cancer: assessment

43
Q

For primary tumors, treatment is aimed at reducing the size of or removing the tumor
Palliative therapies are to treat metastatic bone tumors
Nonsurgical
Surgical - depends on location tumor, type it is, what caused it

A

Bone cancer: interventions

44
Q

Drug therapy (includes chemotherapy)
Radiation therapy - good for bone therapy for palliative to reduce tumor and help with pain
Interventional Radiology

A

Nonsurgical - Bone cancer: interventions

AHI (77 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions