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AHI > 5 Things Emma and Lauren want you know about Cancer > Flashcards

5 Things Emma and Lauren want you know about Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Mutation of cells
Solid tumors or hematologic (blood)
Classified by type of tissue originating from or primary site
How aggressive depends on outcome
Cellular aspects of the cancer are also important to consider
Staging done at diagnosis

A

What is cancer

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2
Q

Rapid growth
Can migrate or metastasize easily

A

Mutation of cells

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3
Q

TNM system (tumor; node; metastasis)
HCP - determine treatment and prognosis and how going do

A

Staging done at diagnosis

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4
Q

uncontrolled cell division

A

Division

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5
Q

formation of a lump (tumor) or large numbers of abnormal white cells in the blood

A

Growth

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6
Q

changes to how the cell is viewed by the immune system

A

Mutation

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7
Q

ability to move within the body and survive in another part

A

Spread

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8
Q

Moving from one part from another

A

Metastasis

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9
Q

The survival of the patient is determined by the

A

stage of the disease at diagnosis/onset

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10
Q

The earlier the detection or the smaller the tumor

A

the better the survival

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11
Q

Don’t smoke
Avoid exposure to know carcinogens
Eat a healthy diet
Be physically active
Vaccinate against or early detection of to prevent cancer causing infections
Have the right genes
**Sometimes there is no predisposing factor

A

Cancer prevention

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12
Q

Ex. UV light, asbestos

A

Avoid exposure to know carcinogens

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13
Q

Fruits and vegetables, limit alcohol; low fat diet

A

Eat a healthy diet

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14
Q

Ex. Hepatits B; Human Papilloma virus (HPV); H.Pylori

A

Vaccinate against or early detection of to prevent cancer causing infections

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15
Q

Certain genes have been isolated

A

Have the right genes

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16
Q

Can be prophylactic, diagnostic (biopsy to diagnosis), or curative (remove all cancer)
30% survival rate with surgery alone - often times if have surgery still following it have radiation/chemo
Remove tumor and lymph nodes around if invaded
Post op care

A

Surgical treatment

17
Q

All traditional post op physical care - bleeding, infection, wound dehiscence
Need to address emotional and spiritual needs - changes in appearance/functionality; provide emotional support

A

Post op care

18
Q

Destroys cancer cells but will also affect surrounding tissue
Typically given daily for a designated period of time
Can be external (teletherapy - not radioactive; temp ink marking) or implanted (brachytherapy - radioactive either while implanted/bodily fluids)
For external radiation patients will have markings for course of therapy
Side effects:

A

Radiation therapy

19
Q

Fatigue
Hair loss - change in appearance
Skin changes - esp if doing in external: Skin care is very important
Altered taste - things not taste same/as good
Forever have Inflammation and scarring of surrounding tissue

A

Side effects: - Radiation therapy

20
Q

Radiation delivered from a source outside of the patient
Delivered in small doses on a daily basis for a set time period
Patient is not radioactive

A

Teletherapy: - Radiation delivery types

21
Q

Radiation source is within the patient
Sealed or Unsealed
In brachytherapy the patient emits radiation for a period of time and is a potential hazard to others
Sealed: patient emits radiation when implant in place; seeds
Unsealed: patient body fluids are radioactive and must be handled according to guidelines; IV/PO - need know for precautions

A

Brachytherapy: - Radiation delivery types

22
Q

Portable shields used
Lead apron used when providing care
Keep all linens and equipment in room until source is removed
Limit caregivers
Limit or no visitors
No pregnant women or children under 16
Pregnant nurses or nurses (male or female) attempting to conceive should not take care for these patients
Private room/bath door closed with signage
Personnel should wear a dosimeter film badge (measures exposure) at all times
Keep soiled linen in room
Minimize care givers

A

Patient will emit radiation - Radiation therapy: brachytherapy

23
Q

Explain the purpose and side effects of radiation therapy might experience
Good Skin care - might have some inflammation
Instruct the patient not to remove any temporary ink markings until the entire course of radiation therapy is completed - want go in same spot
Follow the department’s policy regarding the use and timing of skin care products

A

Radiation therapy: teletherapy

24
Q

Using Cytotoxic agents
Used to cure and/or increase survival time - not curative tho; kill cancer and healthy cells
Target rapidly producing cells
Typically given IV but can also be PO
Administration requires special education - good IV imp; typ most have ports/PICC; if have peripheral IV make sure working good
Adhere to all “chemo precautions”
Side Effects caused by the damage of normal cells as well cancer cells
Nursing interventions:

A

Chemotherapy

25
Q

**Infiltration of the medication can be a serious complication (see next slide)

A

Administration requires special education - good IV imp; typ most have ports/PICC; if have peripheral IV make sure working good - Chemotherapy

26
Q

Special handling of medications (IV or PO)
Special handling of all bodily fluids
Double glove

A

Adhere to all “chemo precautions” - Chemotherapy

27
Q

Anemia
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Nausea and vomiting
Mucositis - mouth sores
Hair loss
Skin changes
Chemo induced peripheral neuropathy - can last whole time have chemo and afterwards
Altered bowel elimination
Anxiety
Sleep disturbances - not being able sleep
Changes in cognition - chemo brain
Psychosocial concerns - bad AE hard on them and fam

A

Side Effects caused by the damage of normal cells as well cancer cells - Chemotherapy

28
Q

Neutropenia
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Nausea and Vomiting
Mucositis
Chemo induced peripheral neuropathy

A

Nursing interventions: - Chemotherapy

29
Q

Infection prevention is key
Avoid crowds and sick people
Isolation may be required
Hand hygiene
Report any signs of infection quickly to HCP
Monitor WBC and ANC (Absolute Neutrophil count) - CBC
Filgrastim (Neupogen) to treat to stim bone marrow to produce more WBC

A

Neutropenia - Nursing interventions: - Chemotherapy

30
Q

Epogen and procrit to treat
Blood transfusion depending on how bad anemia

A

Anemia - Nursing interventions: - Chemotherapy

31
Q

Platelet transfusion
Monitor for bleeding
Bleeding precautions

A

Thrombocytopenia - Nursing interventions: - Chemotherapy

32
Q

Premedication is essential

A

Nausea and Vomiting - Nursing interventions: - Chemotherapy

33
Q

Frequent oral care
Soft bristles tooth brush
Commercial mouth wash too tough for them
Watch for irritants in oral products

A

Mucositis - Nursing interventions: - Chemotherapy

34
Q

Chronic for them
Prevent injury
Protect body areas where sensation is reduced
Well-fitting shoes and inspect feet daily
Avoid extremes of temperature (pot holders, test water)
Use gloves when washing dishes or gardening
Stand up slowly
Avoid area rugs
Use handrails when using stairs

A

Chemo induced peripheral neuropathy - Nursing interventions: - Chemotherapy

AHI (77 decks)

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