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AHI > Assessment of the Endocrine Sys > Flashcards

Assessment of the Endocrine Sys Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothalamus - neuroendocrine func - affect glands; act on pit which then acts on something; biggest regulatory gland within sys
Pit - ant and post
Thyroid and parathyroid - neck
Adrenal - top kidneys
Pancreas - diabetes; upper abd
Testes and ovaries

A

Various glands with the endocrine sys

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2
Q

Endocrine glands secretes certain hormones - huge regulatory; helps maintain homeostasis
Secreted hormones are transported via blood to the target tissues: other glands or other target tissues
Whole cycle releasing hormones which act on other things - another gland or tissue
Endocrine system works with the nervous system to control overall body function and regulation including: - affects everything
Endocrine sys and hormones work on - feedback loop; hormonal cycles in sys - feedback

A

Overview endocrine sys

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3
Q

Metabolism
Nutrition
Elimination
Temperature
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Growth
Reproduction

A

Endocrine system works with the nervous system to control overall body function and regulation including: - affects everything

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4
Q

initial stimulating and releases certain hormones that then stimulate ant pit; produces ADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin - catecholomines: stored in post pit;
Corticotropin-releasing hormone: CRH (cause ant pit release ACTH/corticotropin which then acts on adrenal gland), thyrotropin-releasing hormone: TRH (acts on TSH and acts on thyroid to release T3/4), gonadotropin-releasing hormone: GnRH, growthing hormone releasing hormone: GHRH, growth hormone inhibit hormone: somatostatin GHIH, prolactin-inhibity hormone: PIH, melanocyte-inhibiting hormone: MIH hormones act on ant pit to do something

A

Hypo

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5
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone: ACTH/corticotropin which then acts on adrenal gland, Thyroid-stimulating hormone: TSH and acts on thyroid to release T3/4, Luteinizing hormone: LH and Follicle-stimulating hormone: FSH work on gonads, prolactin - mammary glands to produce breast milk, growth hormone: GH - abnormalities with ant pit this is one of them and if increased going cause overgrowth bone and soft tissue; melanocyte-stimulating hormone: MSH - production melanin and increase pigment

A

Ant pit

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6
Q

stores from hypo vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone: ADH) and oxytocin

A

Post pit

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7
Q

triiodothyronine: T3, thyroxine: T4, Calcitonin

A

Thyroid

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8
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - regulates Ca

A

Parathyroid

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9
Q

steroids, glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

A

Adrenal cortex -

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10
Q

Catecholamines (epi and nor epi)

A

Adrenal medulla -

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11
Q

estrogen, progesterone

A

Ovary -

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12
Q

testosterone

A

Testes -

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13
Q

insulin, glucagon, somatostatin; endocrine gland and exocrine funcs - digestive enzymes secrete and empty into bowel; islets of Langerhans and 3 diff types cells: alpha - glucagon, beta - insulin (also helps store and metabolize proteins and fats), delta - somatostatin

A

Pancreas -

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14
Q

Target tissue: thryoid
Actions: stimulates synthesis and release of thyroid hormone

A

TSH -

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15
Q

Target tissue: adrenal cortex
Actions: stimulates synthesis and release of corticosteroids and adrenocortical growth

A

ACTH -

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16
Q

Target tissue: ovary, testis; gonads
Actions: stimulates ovulation, progesterone and testosterone secretion

A

LH; Leydig cell-stimulating hormone in males -

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17
Q

Target tissue: ovary, testis; gonads
Actions: stimulates estrogen secretion and follicle maturation; stimulates spermatogenesis

A

FSH; Sertoli cell-stimulating hormone in males -

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18
Q

Target tissue: mammary glands
Actions: breast milk production

A

PRL -

19
Q

Target tissue: bone and soft tissue
Actions: promotes growth

A

GH -

20
Q

Target tissue: melanocytes
Actions: promotes pigmentation

A

MSH -

21
Q

Target tissue: kidney
Actions: promotes water reabsorption - body to hold onto water; retention of fluid/water reabsorption in kidneys

A

Vasopressin/ADH

22
Q

Target tissue: uterus and mammary glands
Actions: stimulates uterine contractions and ejection of breast milk

A

Oxytocin

23
Q

Decreased glucose tolerance
Decreased general metabolism
Decreased antidiuretic hormone (ADH) production
Decreased ovarian production of estrogen - older female pats

A

Endocrine changes with aging

24
Q

Weight becomes greater than ideal - harder keep within norm range
Elevated fasting and random blood glucose levels
Slow wound healing due to higher BG
Frequent yeast infections due to higher BG
Polydipsia due to higher BG; very thirsty
Polyuria due to higher BG; peeing a lot

A

Decreased glucose tolerance

25
Q

Less tolerant of cold
Increased weight gain
Decreased appetite
Decreased heart rate and blood pressure - VS slowing down

A

Decreased general metabolism

26
Q

Body cannot reabsorb the fluid, more urine and more dilute; cannot concentrate when fluid intake is low - why older pops at great risk for dehydration - do need to hold onto water not able to because not have as much ADH to tell kidneys that low on fluid keep fluid in
Urine is more dilute and may not concentrate when fluid intake is low
Patient is at greater risk for dehydration

A

Decreased antidiuretic hormone (ADH) production

27
Q

Bone density decreases - func estrogen: Ca in bones and bone density up; with less estrogen; likely for bones for leak Ca/get rid Ca
Skin is thinner, drier, and at greater risk for injury
Perineal and vaginal tissues become lot drier, and the risk for cystitis/bladder infections/UTI increases

A

Decreased ovarian production of estrogen - older female pats

28
Q

Patient history
Physical assessment that could indicate endocrine alterations - notice; all indicate something diff; clues if abnormality
Psychosocial assessment
Lab assessment
Imaging assessment
Other diagnostic assessment

A

Assessment methods

29
Q

Age and gender for baseline
Nutritional history
Family history and genetic risk - Imp assess
Current complaints - health problems

A

Patient history

30
Q

Abnormalities in endocrine sys see nutritionally wise so if increase wanting drink and peeing lot indicates possibly diabetes; low adrenal func low Na level so Na craving; certain cravings
for N/V, abdominal pain, increase or decrease in food or fluid intake, changes in weight - abnormality in GH may have increased weight gain - high levels corticosteroids/steroids and adrenal gland hyperfunctioning causes retention fluid and increase fat deposit which increases weight, dietary deficiencies
All types things give clues if having issues

A

Nutritional history

31
Q

include changes in energy level - thyroid issue, elimination, sexual and reproductive functions - look at if issue with gonadotropins, physical appearance - GH issue

A

Current complaints - health problems

32
Q

Prominent forehead or jaw - abnormalities in GH
Round or puffy face - retention fluid - alterations/high levels adrenal
Dull or flat expression
Exophthalmos (protruding eyeballs and retracted upper eyelids) - thyroid
Vitiligo (patchy areas of pigment loss with increased pigmentation at the edges) - low adrenal func
Check the trunk for any abnormalities in chest size and symmetry - adrenal/GH
Striae (reddish purple “stretch marks”) - adrenal
Hirsutism (excessive growth of body hair) - GH
Palpate thyroid to enlargement - goiters/enlargement of thyroid gland imp assessment to

A

Physical assessment that could indicate endocrine alterations - notice; all indicate something diff; clues if abnormality

33
Q

Abnormalities in hormone can affect stress and anxiety so need to assess that

A

Psychosocial assessment

34
Q

Assays
Provocative/suppression tests
Urine tests
Tests for glucose

A

Lab assessment

35
Q

Measures the level of a specific hormone in the blood or other body fluids
Often times due blood; also do urine and saliva

A

Assays

36
Q

Specific to endocrine abnormalities; whole - feedback loop endocrine funcs base release one
Provocative tests: give a stimulus for a gland to see if the gland responds; give something that know stimulate gland to work and see if responds and if not something wrong with gland
Suppression tests: drugs or substances given that would normally suppress a hormone then lab work done; know have - feedback effect and see how gland responds
Have serial blood draws - do baseline level of hormone, give stimulate/suppress, serial blood draws for hormone levels
Look at with adrenal func: cortisol stimulating tests - see how adrenal gland reacts when given cortisol

A

Provocative/suppression tests

37
Q

Typically done by 24 hour urine collection to give a better picture of endocrine function
Can test for hormone levels but vary in course day in what going on in body so typ do 24 hour urines because better pic of endocrine gland checking

A

Urine tests

38
Q

Tests for the function of the islet cells of the pancreas (beta)
Ex. fasting glucose (short term glucose), glucose tolerance test (short term glucose), glycosylated hemoglobin (HgA1C - long term picture)

A

Tests for glucose

39
Q

X-rays:
MRI:
CT:
Ultrasound:

A

Imaging assessment

40
Q

evaluate bony pocket where pituitary gland rests; pit gland sitting in base skull and looking at that

A

X-rays:

41
Q

best method to evaluate pituitary gland; typ for pit gland

A

MRI:

42
Q

evaluate adrenal glands, ovaries and pancreas

A

CT:

43
Q

evaluate thyroid (often), parathyroid (often), ovaries and testes

A

Ultrasound:

44
Q

Needle biopsy for thyroid nodules - done quite often esp if concerned about cancers

A

Other diagnostic assessment

AHI (77 decks)

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