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Physiology II > Endocrine: Temperature > Flashcards

Endocrine: Temperature Flashcards

1
Q

Core body temperature can change with the ovarian cycle.

Which phase has a lower temp, which has higher?

A

Lower: Follicular

Higher: Luteal

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2
Q

Body temperature can vary by how many degrees throughout the day?

A

1-2 C

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3
Q

Heat transfer via electromagnetic radiation. In humans, it is as infrared photons…

This is how most heat is lost with low physical activity

A

Radiation

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4
Q

Transfer of heat through solid matter…

A

conduction

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5
Q

transfer of heat through movement of air or liquid across surface…

A

convection

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6
Q

heat loss via water vaporization…

This is the major mechanism of heat loss on a dry, hot day

A

evaporation

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7
Q

Eccrine glands have what type of innervation? How may L can be lost on a hot day?

A

SNS innv.

2-3 L/hr

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8
Q

Passive heat transfer from the core to the skin occurs via what process?

A

conduction

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9
Q

Active heat transfer from the core to the skin occurs via…

A

Convection

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10
Q

Heat loss from the surface of the body occurs via which mechanism(s)?

A

Radiation, Convection, Evaporation

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11
Q

On a hot, dry day, heat loss from the skin occurs mainly via…

A

evaporation

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12
Q

On a humid day, heat loss is determined by which mechanism almost entirely?

A

convection

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13
Q

Which thermoreceptor class has a wider range, cold or warm?

A

cold (24-28 C)

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14
Q

These receptors allow the body to anticipate temperature changes before they are allowed to affect the core temperature

A

Peripheral thermoreceptors

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15
Q

Warm thermoreceptors are sensitive to what range of temperatures?

A

44-46

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16
Q

These structures are located in the POA and abdominal organs. They measure core body temperature. How sensitive to temperature are they?

A

Central thermoreceptors

extremely sensitive to blood temp changes

17
Q

What part of the hypothalamus integrates thermal information?

A

POA

18
Q

Which part of the hypothalamus is responsible for heat dissipation via PNS activity?

A

anterior hypothalamus

19
Q

Which part of the hypothalamus is responsible for heat production and conservation via SNS activity?

A

posterior hypothalamus

20
Q

What are 4 actions initiated by the posterior hypothalamus in order to produce heat?

A

increase muscle tone, voluntary actions, shivering, BAT stimulation (infants)

21
Q

what are 2 actions initiated by the posterior hypothalamus in order to conserve heat?

A

skin vasoconstriction, postural changes

22
Q

What are 2 actions initiated by the anterior hypothalamus to decrease heat production?

A

decrease muscle tone, voluntary actions

23
Q

What are two actions initiated by the anterior hypothalamus to increase heat loss

A

skin vasodilation, sweating

24
Q

What takes precedence over vasodilation when it is hot? Cardiovascular control, or temperature control? What can result due to this?

A

temperature, BP will drop

25
Q

Which hormone has the following effects over temperature?

Tissue Thermogenesis

Decreased Systemic Vascular Resistance

A

Thyroid Hormone

26
Q

BAT has what enzyme that facilitates T3 signaling?

A

type 2 diodinase

27
Q

Which hormone?

  • stimulates B-Receptors in brown fat to activate decoupling enzyme
  • synergism with thyroid hormone
  • Acts on POA to increase body temperature
A

Leptin

28
Q

Which hormone?

-stimulation of alpha-1 receptors in vessels to reduce skin blood flow in response to cold

A

catecholamines

29
Q

Intense Aerobic Exercise can increase core temp by ___ every few minutes

A

1 C

30
Q

training has what two main effects on heat regulation?

A

increased sweat rate and skin perfusion

31
Q

Heat acclimation can take just a few days and lead to increased control over core body temp.

What are 4 other effects?

A

lower Hr

increased cutaneous vasodilation, plasma volume and sweat production

32
Q

Infx stimulates the production of _______ which cross the BBB and release ________.

A

macrophages release endogenous pyrogens

33
Q

Where are prostaglandins released in the brain, and what area do they stimulate?

A

released in OVLT of hypothalamus, stimulate POA to change set point

34
Q

How does aspirin manage fever?

A

decrease hypothalamic COX enzymes to decrease PG synth.

35
Q

In fever, chills are a result of…

A

peripheral vasoconstriction

Physiology II (28 decks)

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