Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology II > Endocrine: Male Reproduction 2 > Flashcards

Endocrine: Male Reproduction 2 Flashcards

1
Q

In this phase of male growth, secretion of LH and FSH is low due to hippocampal inhibition of GnRH

A

prepubertal phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In this phase of maturation, ithere is an increased secretion of GnRH leading to increased LH and FSH

A

puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

This phase of male maturation is marked by a decreased production of testosterone and sperm

A

senescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

50% of hypogonadism occurs in males over the age of…

A

80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A patient presents with the following sxs, what are you concerned for?

  • decreased bone and muscle
  • decreased sex dive
  • decreased body height
  • decreased Hct
  • decreased facial hair

-increased CVD

changes to mood/energy/appetite

A

androgen deficiency (ADAM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4 endocrine consequences to testosterone replacement…

A
  1. reduced LH, FSH
  2. Reduced sperm production
  3. increased free estrogens
  4. increased peripheral conversion of T to estrogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What hormone from the adrenal cortex stimulates public and axial hair growth?

A

DHEA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This hormone stimulates hair growth in men and causes male pattern hair loss…

A

DHT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Beard growth is stimulated by synergism between what two hormones?

A

DHT and IGF-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Scalp hair growth is attenuated by what substances?

A

DHT and TGF-B1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

this enzyme causes miniaturization of the hair follicle by converting T to DHT

A

5 alpha reductase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This drug has the following mechanism:

-irreversibly binds 5-a-reductase preventing conversion of T to DHT

A

Finasteride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the SFx of finasteride?

A

ED
loss of libido
reduced ejaculate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which accessory organ?

  • responsible for 60% of ejaculate
  • contains fructose to nourish sperm
  • releases prostaglandins to stimulate male/female reproductive tract
  • contains clotting factors
A

seminal vessicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This accessory organ…

responsible for 20% of ejaculate

-secretes alkaline fluid to counter acidic vaginal environment, trigger clotting of sperm

A

prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This accessory organ:

  • responsible for 10% of ejaculate
  • lubrication
A

bulbourethral glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Collectively, which three glands produce 90% of semen volume…

A

seminal vesicles

prostate

bulbourethral glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Is there a relationship between BPH and prostate cancer?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The male erection occurs due to _________ of the penis with blood

A

vasocongestion

20
Q

What tissues fill with blood allowing erection?

A

2 corpora cavernosa and 1 corpus spongiosum

21
Q

________ become dilated during sexual arousal

A

arterioles

22
Q

What areas of the brain are stimulated when thinking about sex that coordinately facilitate erection?

A

amygdala
MPOA
paraventricular nucleus
periaqueductal gray matter

23
Q

Higher brain activity stimulates has what effects on the PNS?

A

PNS penile arteriolar dilation

PNS supply to bulbourethral/urethral glands

24
Q

Mechanoreceptor stimulation of the penis has what effects on the SNS?

A

inhibits SNS constriction of penile arterioles

25
Q

Mechanical stimulation of the ______ provides sensory feedback to the sacral erection generating center in S2-4

A

glans

26
Q

Vasodilation of the penis arterioles by PNS stimulates the release of ______

A

NO

27
Q

NO activates ______ and produces ______ which lowers intracellular calcium causing mechanical compression of veins by skeletal muscle at base of penis

A

NO actuvates guanylyl cyclease

produces cGMP

28
Q

cGMP activates what in smooth muscle, which decreases intracellular calcium and promotes relaxation

A

myosin phosphatase

29
Q

In the flaccid state, blood flow to the penile tissue is limited by contraction of what two things?

A

helicine arteries

trabecular smooth muscle

30
Q

In the erect state, helicine arteries are relaxed by ______ which is released from nerve terminals to allow blood flow into cavernous spaces

A

NO

31
Q

compression of the _______ venules reduce venous outflow

A

subtunical

32
Q

What are the two phases of ejaculation and what part of the nervous system is responsible for each?

A

emission (L1/L2 SNS) and expulsion (Somatic)

33
Q

Which phase of ejaculation?

  • SNS from L1-L2
  • Semen enters urethra from accessory gland contraction
  • SNS stimulation of smooth muscle
A

Emission

34
Q

Which phase of ejaculation?

  • urethral filling triggers somatic nervous impulses
  • rhythmic activation of skeletal muscles at base of penis
  • ejaculate volume: 2-6 mL total after several days of abstinence
A

expulsion

35
Q

how many sperm per ml of ejaculate

A

100M

36
Q

What muscle contracts to prevent retrograde ejaculation into bladder?

A

internal urethral sphincter

37
Q

What is the ejaculation pathway?

A

vas deferens to ampulla to urethra

38
Q

This occurs as a result of a failure of the internal urethral sphincter, causing semen to enter the bladder

A

retrograde ejaculation

39
Q

Proper erectile function requires coordinated involvement of what 4 factors?

A
  1. CNS/PNS
  2. Corpora cavernosa and spongiosum
  3. normal blood supply
  4. normal venous drainage
40
Q

________s sustain NO stimulated cGMP levels in the penis

A

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

–afil suffix

41
Q

What degrades cGMP?

A

phosphodiesterase

42
Q

Blocking ________ causes increased relaxation and blood flow in sinusoidal cavernous spaces, leading to erection.

A

PDE5

43
Q

What are the three forms of male birth control are available?

A

condoms, withdrawal, vasectomy

44
Q

In a vasectomy, is accessory gland function affected?

A

no

45
Q

In a vasectomy, are testosterone levels affected

A

no

46
Q

What removes sperm after vasectomy?

A

phagocytosis

Physiology II (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions