Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology II > Endocrine: Fat > Flashcards

Endocrine: Fat Flashcards

1
Q

BMI for obese, overweight, healthy, underweight

A

30+ obese
25-29.5 overweight
18.5-24.9 healthy
< 18.5 underweight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

BMI formula

A

lbs x 703 / inches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are thee types of adipocytes?

A

White brown beige

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adipocytes are located in what two types of fat depots?

A

white adipose tissue

brown adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of cells are inside white adipose tissue?

A 
adipocytes
pre-adipo
fibroblasts
endothelial
nerve
macrophage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Heat generation in brown fat is dependent on…

A

UCP1 transcription via GCPR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the mechanism of BAT transcribing UCP-1?

A

Epi binds GCPR

cAMP activates 5-mono deiodinase

5-mono deiodinase converts T4 to T3

T3 binds THR-RXR

UCP1 transcribed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Uncoupled mitochondria in BAT refers to the presence of…

A

UCP1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What allows direct transfer of food energy to heat energy in brown adipose tissue?

A

UCP1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens to BAT tissue in the cold or epinephrine?

A

increased activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of fat?

occurs in WAT

intermediate mitochondria

UCP1

lipid droplets

less heat production than BAT

A

beige fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which skeletal muscle hormone may induce beige fat?

A

irisin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Insulin has what 3 effects on fat?

A

Stimulates LPL (FA to TG), GLUT4

Inhibits HSL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which hormones have the following effect?

increased HSL

Actions: TG to FA

A

epi, cortisol, glucagon, GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Does thyroid hormone regulate fuel metabolites? why?

A

no, onset too slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Men have more ____ fat while women _____have more…

A

men: visceral
women: SC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Are men or women less sensitive to anti-lipolytic effects of insulin?

A

men less sensitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Testosterone has what effect on WAT in men?

A

decreased SC WAT, increased visceral WAT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What contributes to higher adiposity in women?

A

increased insulin sensitivity

20
Q

Rank SC, gluteal, visceral WAT in order of most metabolic activity…

A

Visceral > SC > gluteal

21
Q

Which type of WAT is estrogen sensitive, which is testosterone sensitive?

A

Gluteal: estrogen

Visceral: T

22
Q

Which types of WAT have anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages?

A

SC and Gluteal femoral

23
Q

Rank WAT types in terms of disease risk from highest to lowest

A

Visceral&raquo_space; SC > gluteal

24
Q

Is it possible to reverse hyperplasia (adipocyte number) that occurs during infancy, puberty and pregnancy?

A

no

25
Q

Is hypertrophy of adipocytes possible?

A

yes, by 1000x

26
Q

Does this describe women or men fat distro?

  • lower BAT
  • Increased FA uptake
  • Decreased insulin inhibition of lipolysis
  • increased visceral fat
  • decreased direct FFA uptake
A

men

27
Q

Does this describe women or men fat distro?

  • increased BAT
  • increased leptin/adiponectin
  • increased liposysis
  • increased SC fat
A

women

28
Q

Which major adipokine?

-metabolic regulator and feedback signal for appetite

A

leptin

29
Q

Which major adipokine?

-insulin sensitizing, anti-inflammatory

A

adiponectin

30
Q

Which adipokine?

associated with T2DM and elevated LDL

A

resistin

31
Q

Which adipokine?

maintenance of body metabolism and insulin sensitivity

anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic

A

omentin

32
Q

which adipokine?

released from visceral fat

hypoglycemic effects

A

visfatin

33
Q

These two hormones are more prevalent in subcutaneous fat

A

leptin, adiponectin

34
Q

These two hormones are more common in visceral fat

A

TNF-a, IL-6

35
Q

Overexpression of adiponectin may lead to increased SC fat, but what effect does it have on insulin resistance?

A

protection from insulin resistance

36
Q

What are the three pro-inflammatory adipokines?

A

TNF-a, IL-6, IL-1

37
Q

pro-inflammatory adipokines are released by ___ macrophages, and have what effect?

A

M1 macrophages, inhibit insulin

38
Q

Fat inflammation can cause…

A

necrosis

39
Q

Leptin, insulin and ghrelin work on what part of the hypothalamus?

A

ARC

40
Q

______ suppresses appetite, and is anorexigenic

A

POMC

41
Q

________ and ______ are appetite stimulants and are orexigenic. They also decrease BMP and fertility

A

NPY and AgRP

42
Q

Ghrelin is released by the stomach and inhibits _____ while stimulating…

A

inhibits leptin/POMC

stimulates NYP/AgRP

43
Q

What are 5 anorexigenic inputs?

A 
leptin
insulin (inhibit NYP)
amylin
peptide PTT (inhib. NPY)
CCK
44
Q

Profound weight loss can decrease metabolism via which hormone?

A

decreased leptin

45
Q

leptin stimulates gluconeogenesis via ____ and heart/muscle/BAT glucose uptake via ____

A

liver: vagal stim

heart/muscle/BAT: SNS

46
Q

What is the proposed mechanism for leptin resistance in overweight individuals?

A

decreased BBB permeability

Physiology II (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions