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A micro ANA II (theory) > Endocrine system slides (90, 86, 87) > Flashcards

Endocrine system slides (90, 86, 87) Flashcards

1
Q

Figure 86/A-B. Pituitary gland
A: : Parts of the pituitary gland and thehypothalamo-hypophyseal tracts
-> Identify 1 -> 5

A
  1. posterior lobe, neurohypophysis
  2. pars intermedia
  3. anterior lobe, adenohypophysis
  4. pars distalis
  5. pars tuberalis
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2
Q

Figure 86/A-B. Pituitary gland
A: : Parts of the pituitary gland and thehypothalamo-hypophyseal tracts
-> Identify 11 -> 15

A
  1. tuberoinfundibular tract
  2. median eminence
  3. infundibular recess
  4. hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract
  5. infundibulum
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3
Q

Figure 86/A-B. Pituitary gland
A: : Parts of the pituitary gland and thehypothalamo-hypophyseal tracts
-> Identify 6 -> 10

A
  1. optic chiasm
  2. supraoptic nucleus
  3. paraventricular nucleus
  4. tuberal nuclei
  5. tuber cinereum
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4
Q

Figure 86/A-B. Pituitary gland
B: The portal circulation
-> Identify

A

1/ posterior lobe, neurohypophysis
2/ pars intermedia
4/ pars distalis
5/ pars tuberalis
11/ tuberoinfundibular tract
12/ median eminence
14/ hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract
16/ inferior hypophyseal artery
17/ cavernous sinus
18/ portal veins
19/ superior hypophyseal artery

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5
Q

What are the 2 parts of the hypophysis?

A

1) Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) (3)
2) Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) (1)

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6
Q

What are the 2 parts of the hypophysis?

A

1) Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) (3)
2) Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) (1)

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7
Q

Adenohypophysis
-> The pars intermedia (2) is situated between ___ and ____

A

the pars distalis and the neurohypophysis

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8
Q

Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) (3) Is composed of the pars distalis (4), the pars tuberalis (5) and the pars intermedia (2)
=> All these develop from ____

A

Rathke’s pouch (placod ectoderm diverticulum).

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9
Q

In Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary), which part has the largest proportion?

A

Pars distalis

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10
Q

What is the embryological origin of Neurohypophysis?

A

Derived from the floor of the diencephalon.

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11
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
-> identify 1 -> 4

A
  1. posterior lobe, neurohypophysis
  2. pars intermedia
  3. anterior lobe, adenohypophysis
  4. pars distalis
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12
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
-> identify 20 -> 27

A
  1. chromophobe cell
  2. connective tissue
  3. acidophil cell
  4. basophil cell
  5. sinusoid capillary
  6. cyst of Rathke
  7. basophil cells of the
    pars intermedia b
  8. pituicytes
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13
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland

Adenohypophysis, pars distalis (3, 4): endocrine epithelial cells form ____

A

anastomosing cords or clumps which are surrounded by a rich network of sinusoid capillaries (24).

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14
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland

Adenohypophysis, pars distalis (3, 4): endocrine epithelial cells form anastomosing cords or clumps which are surrounded by a rich network of sinusoid capillaries (24).
=> A fine meshwork of ____ supports the parenchyma.

A

connective tissue fibres (21)

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15
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland

-> The secretory cells of the parenchyma have been classified according to their staining characteristics.
-> What are the 2 classifications?

A
  • chromophils (which are stained well) and
  • chromophobes (20) (which are not stained).
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16
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
-> Adenohypophysis, pars distalis (3, 4)
-> The chromophils are subdivided into two groups which are ___

A
  1. acidophils (22) (80%) and
  2. basophils (23) (20% of chromophils)

(due to their affinity for acidic and basic dyes.)

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17
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
-> Do Chromophobes (20) produce hormone?

A

NO!

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18
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
- Additionally, the pars intermedia contains small cystic spaces called _____

A

follicles or cysts of Rathke (25)

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19
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
-> Acidophil cells (22) are stained pinkish (their secretory granules are stained with eosin) and are slightly smaller than the basophils.
-> These cells produce ___ (2 hormones)

A

somatotropin (GH) and prolactin (LTH).

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20
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
-> Basophil cells (23) are larger than acidophils and exhibit variable round polyhedral or angular shapes.
-> Their secretory granules are stained ___ (acidophilic/basophilic), hence they appear grey-blue in the specimen.

A

basophilic!

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21
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
-> Basophil cells (23) are larger than acidophils and exhibit variable round polyhe dral or angular shapes. Their secretory granules are stained basophilic, hence they appear grey-blue in the specimen.
=> Name 4 hormones that basophil cells produce

A

They produce thyrotropin (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and adrenocorticotropin [ACTH).

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22
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
-> The pars intermedia (2) is characterized by ___ (which type of cells?)

A

Basophilic cells (26) (stained blue)

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23
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
-> The pars intermedia (2)
-> The cells can produce __ (Name of hormone?)

A

They form irregular cellular strands and clumps and produce
melanotropin (MSH).

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24
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
- Additionally, the pars intermedia contains small cystic spaces called _____

A

follicles or cysts of Rathke (25)

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25
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
- e pars intermedia contains small cystic spaces called follicles or cysts of Rathke (25), filled with ___

A

homogeneously stained colloid.

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26
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
- The pars intermedia contains small cystic spaces called follicles or cysts of Rathke (25)
-> The follicles are lined by ____

A

low cuboidal cells, representing the residuum of the Rathke’s pouch.

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27
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
- The neurohypophysis (1) contains ____

A

Numerous non-myelinated nerve fibres (axons) of neurosecretory cells (their cell bodies are located in the hypothalamus, in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei).

28
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
- The neurohypophysis (1)
-> Name their 2 hormones

A
  1. Oxytocin
  2. vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone, ADH)
29
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
- The neurohypophysis (1)
-> heir hormones (oxytocin and vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone, ADH) are transported by ____

A

axonal flow Into the neurohypophysis where they are stored in the large axon terminals, known as Herring bodies.

30
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
- The pars intermedia contains small cystic spaces called follicles or cysts of Rathke (25)
-> The follicles are lined by ____

A

low cuboidal cells, representing the residuum of the Rathke’s pouch.

31
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
- The neurohypophysis (1)
-> Herring bodies (not seen with H-E) are in touch with ___; the hormones are released into the blood.

A

capillaries

32
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
The neurosecretory nerve fibres are supported by ____

A

pituicytes (27).

33
Q

Figure 86/C. Pituitary gland
-> What are pituicytes (27)?

A

special glial ceils with branching processes (only their oval, pale nucleus can be seen).
-> They probably regulate the storage and release of hormones.

34
Q
  1. Pineal gland (pineal body, epiphysis cerebri) (H-E)
    -> identify
A
  1. pinealocy
  2. acervulus
  3. connective tissue septum
  4. capillary
  5. interstitial cell
35
Q
  1. Pineal gland (pineal body, epiphysis cerebri) (H-E)
    -> A very characteristic feature of the aging pineal gland Is the presence of basophilic (dark blue) extra
    cellular bodies called ____
A

pineal sand or acervulus or brain sand (2)

36
Q
  1. Pineal gland (pineal body, epiphysis cerebri) (H-E)
    -> Where is the pineal recess?
A

the pineal recess (the caudal
extension of the third ventricle) is between the habenular and the posterior commissures

37
Q
  1. Pineal gland (pineal body, epiphysis cerebri) (H-E)
    -> Pineal recess is lined by ___
A

ependymal (simple cuboidal or columnar) cells.

38
Q
  1. Pineal gland (pineal body, epiphysis cerebri) (H-E)
    -> Pineal body produces ___
A

melanotonin - the antagonist of MSH

39
Q
  1. Pineal gland (pineal body, epiphysis cerebri) (H-E)
    -> What is the role of melanotonin?
A

It Inhibits the hypothalamus-hypophysis-gonad system and regulates the dally (circadian) rhythm.

40
Q
  1. Pineal gland (pineal body, epiphysis cerebri) (H-E)
    -> A very characteristic feature of the
    aging pineal gland Is the presence of basophilic (dark blue) extra cellular bodies called pineal sand or acervulus or brain sand (2) (always visible on the specimens)
    consisting of ____
A

concentric layers of calcified material.

41
Q
  1. Pineal gland (pineal body, epiphysis cerebri) (H-E)
    -> Pineal recess is the caudal extension of ___
A

The third ventricle

42
Q

(90)Pineal body (gland) (epiphysis cerebri) (HE)
-> Identify

A

E-Ependyma.
H-Habenular commissure.
C-Posterior commissure.
P-Pia matter.
*-Pineal recess.

43
Q

(90)Pineal body (gland) (epiphysis cerebri) (HE)

A

1)pinealocytes.
2)acervulus (brain sand).
3)C.T septum.
4)capillary.
5)interstitial cell (glial).
E-Ependyma.
H-Habenular commissure.
C-Posterior commissure.
M-Mesencephalon.
P-Pia matter.
*-Pineal recess.

44
Q

Pineal body (gland) (epiphysis cerebri) (HE)


A

G - Glial cell
BS - Brain sand
CT - connective tissue
C - Capillary
Cap - capsule
F - Fibroblast
V - Vein

45
Q

Pineal body (gland) (epiphysis cerebri) (HE)


A

G - glial cell
BS - Brain sand
F - Fibroblast
Cap - capsule
CT - connective tissue
L - Lobule
v - vein
A - artery

46
Q

86)Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E)
-> Identify

A
  1. Adenohypophysis
  2. Pars intermedia
  3. Neurohypophysis
47
Q

86)Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E)
-> Adenhypophysis (Anterior pituitary)
-> Identify

A

PD)pars distalis.

48
Q

86)Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E)
-> Adenhypophysis (Anterior pituitary)
-> Identify

A

1)acidophil.
2)basophil
3)chromophobe.
S)sinusoid (extensive network that receives hormones from acidophils and basophils).

49
Q

Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E)
-> Identify

A

PD - pars distalis
PI - pars intermedia
PN - pars nervosa
Cl - cleft
Cap - Capillary
Caps - capsule

50
Q

Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E)
-> Identify

A

B - basophils
A - acidophils
Cap - Capillary
C - Chromophobes

51
Q

Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E)
-> Identify

A

B - Basophil
C - chromophobes

52
Q

Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E)
-> Identify

A

PD - pars distalis
PI - Pars intermedia
PN - pars nervosa
Cy - cysts

53
Q

Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E)
-> Identify

A

A - acidophils
B - basophils
C - chromophobes
Cap - Capillaries

54
Q

Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E)
-> Identify

A

A - Acidophils
B - basophils
C - chromophobes

55
Q

Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E)
-> Pars intermedia
-> Identify

A

1)Cyst of Rathke.

56
Q

Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E)
-> Pars intermedia
-> Identify

A

1)Cyst of Rathke.
2)Basophil cells.

57
Q

86)Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E)
-> Neurohypophysis (Posterior pituitary)
-> Identify

A

1)Pituicytes.
2)Herrings body.
3)capillaries.
Nh-neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary).

58
Q

86)Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E)
-> Neurohypophysis (Posterior pituitary)
-> Identify

A

1)Pituicytes.
3)capillaries.
Nh-neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary).

59
Q

Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E)
-> Identify

A

Cap - Capillary
P - Pituicytes
HB - Herring bodies

60
Q

Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) (H-E)
-> Identify

A

Cap - Capillary
P - Pituicytes
HB - Herring bodies

61
Q

87)Hypophysis (chrome haematoxyline phloxin)
-> Adenhypophysis (Anterior pituitary)
-> Identify

A

A) pars distalis
B) Pars intermediate
C) Neurohypophysis
4)dura matter.

62
Q

87)Hypophysis (chrome haematoxyline phloxin)
-> Adenhypophysis (Anterior pituitary)
-> Identify

A

1)basophils
2)acidophils.
3)chromophobes.
4)dura matter. S)sinusoids.

63
Q

87)Hypophysis (chrome haematoxyline phloxin)
-> Identify

A

C)Neurohypophysis
1)Pituicytes.
2)Herrings body.
3)capillary.

64
Q

87)Hypophysis (chrome haematoxyline phloxin)
-> Identify

A

B)Pars intermediate
1)Cyst of Rathke’s.
2)Basophil cells.

65
Q

87)Hypophysis (chrome haematoxyline phloxin)
-> Identify

A

B)Pars intermediate
1)Cyst of Rathke’s.
2)Basophil cells.

A micro ANA II (theory) (31 decks)

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