Endocrine Pharmacology (all) II Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action of sulfonylurea drugs?
Closes K+ channels in beta cell membranes to depolarize beta cells. This triggers insulin release via increased calcium influx (p.305)
What is the clinical use for sulfonylurea drugs?
To stimulate release of endogenous insulin in Type II DM (p.305)
Are sulfonylureas helpful adjunctive therapy in Type I DM?
No- they require some islet function to be effective (p.305)
What toxicities are associated with first generation sulfonylurea drugs?
Disulfiram like effects (p.305)
What toxicities are associated with second generation sulfonylurea drugs?
Hypocalcemia (p.305)
Name the Glitazone/thiazolidinedione drugs.
Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone (p.305)
To which drug class does Pioglitazone belong?
Glitazone/thiazolidinedione (p.305)
To which drug class does Rosiglitazone belong?
Glitazone/thiazolidinedione (p.305)
What is the mechanism of action of Glitazone/thiazolidinedione drugs?
Increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue by binding to PPAR-y nuclear transcription regulators (p.305)
What is the function of PPAR-y receptors on genes?
Regulation of fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism (p.305)
What is the result of PPAR-y receptor activation?
Increased insulin sensitivity and incerased levels of adiponectin (p.305)
What is the clinical use for Glitazone/thiazolidinedione drugs?
Monotherapy in Type II DM or in combination with other agents (p.305)
What are the toxicites associated with Glitazone/thiazolidinedione drugs?
Weight gain, edema, hepatotoxicity, heart failure (p.305)
Which drugs belong to the a-glucosidase inhibitor drug class?
Acarbose, Miglitol (p.305)
To which drug class does acarbose belong?
A-glucosidase inhibitors (p.305)
To which drug class does miglitol belong?
A-glucosidase inhibitors (p.305)
What is the mechanism of action of A-glucosidase inhibitors?
Inhibit intestinal brush border a-glucosidases. This causes delayed sugar hydrolysis and increased glucose absorption; decreases postprandial hyperglycemia (p.305)
What is the clinical use for A-glucosidase inhibitors?
Monotherapy in Type II DM or in combination with other agents (p.305)
What toxicities are associated with A-glucosidase inhibitors?
GI disturbances (p.305)
What drug is an Amylin analogue?
Pramlintide (p.305)
To which drug class does Pramlintide belong?
Amylin analogues (p.305)
What is the mechanism of action of Pramlintide?
Decreases glucagon (p.305)
What are the clinical uses of amylin analogues?
Type I DM, Type II DM (p.305)