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Endocrinology > Diabetes Drugs II > Flashcards

Diabetes Drugs II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the toxicites associated with metformin?

A

GI upset, lactic acidosis (p.305)

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2
Q

When is metformin contraindicated?

A

In renal failure (lactic acidosis) (p.305)

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3
Q

Name the first generation sulfonylureas.

A

Tolbutamide, Chlorpropamide (p.305)

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4
Q

Name the second generation sulfonureas.

A

Glyburide, Glimepiride, Glipizide (p.305)

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of sulfonylurea drugs?

A

Closes K+ channels in beta cell membranes to depolarize beta cells. This triggers insulin release via increased calcium influx (p.305)

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6
Q

What is the clinical use for sulfonylurea drugs?

A

To stimulate release of endogenous insulin in Type II DM (p.305)

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7
Q

Are sulfonylureas helpful adjunctive therapy in Type I DM?

A

No- they require some islet function to be effective (p.305)

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8
Q

What toxicities are associated with first generation sulfonylurea drugs?

A

Disulfiram like effects (p.305)

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9
Q

What toxicities are associated with second generation sulfonylurea drugs?

A

Hypocalcemia (p.305)

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10
Q

Name the Glitazone/thiazolidinedione drugs.

A

Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone (p.305)

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11
Q

To which drug class does Pioglitazone belong?

A

Glitazone/thiazolidinedione (p.305)

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12
Q

To which drug class does Rosiglitazone belong?

A

Glitazone/thiazolidinedione (p.305)

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Glitazone/thiazolidinedione drugs?

A

Increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue by binding to PPAR-y nuclear transcription regulators (p.305)

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14
Q

What is the function of PPAR-y receptors on genes?

A

Regulation of fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism (p.305)

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15
Q

What is the result of PPAR-y receptor activation?

A

Increased insulin sensitivity and incerased levels of adiponectin (p.305)

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16
Q

What is the clinical use for Glitazone/thiazolidinedione drugs?

A

Monotherapy in Type II DM or in combination with other agents (p.305)

17
Q

What are the toxicites associated with Glitazone/thiazolidinedione drugs?

A

Weight gain, edema, hepatotoxicity, heart failure (p.305)

18
Q

Which drugs belong to the a-glucosidase inhibitor drug class?

A

Acarbose, Miglitol (p.305)

19
Q

To which drug class does acarbose belong?

A

A-glucosidase inhibitors (p.305)

20
Q

To which drug class does miglitol belong?

A

A-glucosidase inhibitors (p.305)

Endocrinology (26 decks)

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