Anatomy and Embryology II

Question 1

What products are secreted by the medulla of the adrenal gland?

Answer 1

Catecholamines (Epi, NE) (p.286)

Question 2

What is the most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in adults?

Answer 2

Pheochromocytoma (p.286)

Question 3

What is the most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in children?

Answer 3

Neuroblastoma (p.286)

Question 4

What is the principle difference in symptoms between a pheochromocytoma and a neuroblastoma?

Answer 4

Pheochromocytomas cause episodic hypertension, neuroblastomas do not (p.286)

Question 5

Describe the drainage of the left adrenal gland.

Answer 5

Left adrenal –> left adrenal vein –> left renal vein –> IVC (p.286)

Question 6

Describe the drainage of the right adrenal gland.

Answer 6

Right adrenal –> right adrenal vein –> IVC (p.286)

Question 7

The pattern of adrenal gland drainage is similar to drainage from what other veins?

Answer 7

Left and right gonadal veins (p.286)

Question 8

What is another name for the posterior pituitary?

Answer 8

Neurophypophysis (p.287)

Question 9

What is another name for the anterior pituitary?

Answer 9

Adenohypophysis (p.287)

Question 10

What is secreted by the posterior pituitary?

Answer 10

Vasopression (ADH) and oxytocin (p.287)

Question 11

Where are ADH and oxytocin made?

Answer 11

In the hypothalamus (p.287)

Question 12

How are ADH and oxytocin transferred from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary?

Answer 12

Shipped to the posterior pituitary via neurophysins (carrier proteins) (p.287)

Question 13

What tissue is the posterior pituitary derived from?

Answer 13

Neuroectoderm (p.287)

Question 14

What is secreted by the anterior pituitary?

Answer 14

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, GH, melanotropin (MSH) (FLAT PiG) (p.287)

Question 15

What tissue is the anterior pituitary derived from?

Answer 15

Oral ectoderm (Rathke’s pouch) (p.287)

Question 16

What hormones of the anterior piuitary share the same alpha subunit?

Answer 16

TSH, LH, FSH, hCG (p.287)

Question 17

What characteristic determines hormone specificity?

Answer 17

Its beta subunit (p.287)

Question 18

What anterior pituitary hormones are classified as acidophils?

Answer 18

GH, prolactin (p.287)

Question 19

What anterior pituitary hormones are classified as basophils?

Answer 19

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH (B-FLAT) (p.287)

Question 20

What are the endocrine pancreas cell types called?

Answer 20

Islets of Langerhans cells (p.287)

Question 21

What are the three cell types of the Islets of Langerhans?

Answer 21

Alpha, beta, and delta endocrine cells (p.287)

Question 22

What is the embryological origin of Islets of Langerhans cells?

Answer 22

The pancreatic buds (p.287)