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Anatomy physiology > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine system

A

Endocrine glands are ductless glands that secret
hormones into circulation to a specific target
organ, gland or tissue

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2
Q

Endocrine system

A

-anterior and posterior pituitary
-thyroid
-parathyroid
-pancreas
-kidneys and adrenal Gland
-ovaries and testes

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3
Q

Adrenocorticotrophic

A

release from - anterior pituitary

function - regulates the production of glucocorticoids, cortisol and corticosertone (endogenous steroids)

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4
Q

somatotrophin

A

release from - anterior pituitary

function - controls growth rate and energy use

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5
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone

A

release from -anterior pituitary

function - stimulates the release of t3 and t4 from the thyroid gland

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6
Q

Interstitial cell stimulating Hormone

A

release from - anterior pituitary

function - Stimulates the interstitial cells to release testosterone

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7
Q

Oxytocin

A

release from - posterior Pituitary

function -Uterine contractions. positive feedback mechanism from soft tissue stimulation

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8
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone

A

release from - posterior

function - causes water retention and increases blood pressure

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9
Q

Thyroxine

A

release from - thyroid glands

function - helps blood vessels constrict and helps the kidneys control the amount of water and salt in the body

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10
Q

Calcitonin

A

release from - Thyroid gland

function- lowers serum calcium levels by depositing in bone, decreasing renal re-absorption and intestinal absorption

DECREASE BLOOD CA LEVELS

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11
Q

Parathormone

A

release from - parathyroid hormone

function- lack of bone density and bone loss

INCREASE BLOOD CA LEVELS

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12
Q

Erythropoietin

A

release from - kidneys

function - causes red blood cell production by bone marrow

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13
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

release from - adrenal cortex

function - reduce inflammation and increase blood glucose levels

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14
Q

Mineralocorticoids

A

release from - Adenal cortex

regulates electrolytes and acid base balance

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15
Q

Adrenaline

A

release from - Adrenal gland

function - increases blood sugar, skeletal muscle blood supply, heart rate, reduces gastrointestinal activity

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16
Q

Glucagon

A

release from function- the pancreas

function- helps regulate your blood glucose (sugar) levels

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17
Q

insulin

A

release from - the pancreas

function - to allow glucose to enter cells to be used as energy and to maintain the amount of glucose found in the bloodstream with normal levels

18
Q

somatostatin

A

release from - the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas

function - prevents the release of pancreatic hormones, including insulin, glucagon and gastrin.

19
Q

melatonin

A

release from - pineal gland

function - regulates circadian rhythm

19
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Tachycardia
weight loss
polyphagia
poldispia
polyuria

20
Q

hypothyroidism

A

bradycardia
weight gain
appetite reduction
loss of quality

21
Q

prolactin

A

release from - mammary glands

function - stimulates the development of the mammary glands and the secretion of milk

22
Q

Oxytocin

A

release from - the hypothalamus

function - stimulates uterine contractions during labour

23
Q

T4
T3

A

T4- Thyroxin
T3 - tri - iodothuronine - contains a high proportion of the trace element iodine

24
Q

Parathyroid gland

A

release from - thyroid glands

function - raises calcium levels , if levels are low calcium is reabsorbed from the bones and absorption of calcium from the intestine is increased

25
Q

KIdneys

A

produces - erythropoietin

function - stimulates erythropoiesis in bone marrow in response to hypoxia

26
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

sit on top of the kidneys

Structure - inner medulla, outer cortex, surrounded by a capsule

27
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
sex hormones

28
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

cortisone, cortisol
protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism
anti-flammatory

e.g Cushings

29
Q

Mineralocorticoids

A

aldosterone
regulates electrolytes/acid base balance

e.g Addisons

30
Q

sex hormones

A

androgens and oestrogens

e.g.ferret addisons

31
Q

Renin - Angiotensin - aldosterone - system

A

Renin is released from the kidneys. RAAS refers to a cascade of hormones that cause an increase in blood pressure

32
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

adrenaline
Noradrenaline - both hormones and neuro transmitters

prepare body for an emergency action

fear, flight, fight syndrome

33
Q

Actions of adrenaline

A
  • Increased blood glucose concentrations
  • increase bloody supply to skeletal muscles
  • increased heart rate

-urinary retention

  • sweat production
34
Q

Why is adrenaline released

A

Hypoglycaemia
Stress
Hypotension
Hypothermia

35
Q

cells

Alpha
Beta
Delta

A

Hormone
-Glucagon
-Insulin
-Somatostatin

Function
-raises blood glucose
-lowers blood glucose
-prevents large fluctuations

36
Q

Gonadotrophins

A

FSH and LH, From the anterior pituitary stimulate the reproductive organs

37
Q

Testosterone

A

LH stimulates production by ledwig cells in testes in response to ISCH

development of male characteristics including behaviour

38
Q

oestrogen

A

nourish the spermatazoa

mostly in females - produced by developing ovarian follicles, produces signs of oestrus

39
Q

progesterone

A

prepares the reproductive tract for pregnancy

maintains pregnancy

40
Q

Pineal Gland

A

lies within the brain with epithalamus

produces melatonin

darkness- melatonin low
daylight - melatonin
affects moods and wake-sleep cycles

Anatomy physiology (14 decks)

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