clinical conditions pt 2

Question 1

Prescription diets

Answer 1

there are a vast range of specialist diets available to help control or mitigate the effects of clinical disease and/or prevent conditions such as obesity and dental disease

Question 2

Portosystemic shunt - nutritional considerations

Answer 2

reduced levels of a high biological value proteins - 20% to 25%, milk and soy based proteins tend to eat better tolerated due to their increased digestibility

+/- Anti seizure medications

Lactulose is used to encourage rapid transit of stool through the intestinal tract and to lower the pH within the gut

Question 3

Pancreatitis

Answer 3

refers to the inflammation of the pancreas. The precise aetiology is unknown.

The pancreas releases an abundance of enzymes to aid in digestion .

normally these are released into the duodenum. they include -

-amylase - breaks down carbs

lipase - breaks down fats

Tripsinogen -break down protein

with pancreatitis these enzymes activated within the pancreas. The pancreas starts to digest itself - autophagia

Question 4

Pancreatitis

Answer 4

treatment considerations
- manage pain - analgesia
- check electrolyte levels and hydration status
- antiemetics
- antacid medications

nutritional considerations
- feeding tube
-low fat diet
nutritionally complete, balanced diet, that’s easy to digest and rich in omega 3 fatty acids

Question 5

Hypoarenocorticism - addisons

Answer 5

Aetiology - immune mediated destruction of the adrenal cortex

patients with this condition have a deficiency of both mineral corticoids and glucocortoids

most predisposed patients are female middle - aged mixed breed dogs

symptoms are broad and far reaching. Often referred to as ‘the great pretender’ waxing and waning symptoms

gastrointestinal signs - vomiting, diarrhoea, decreased appetite

lethargy pr decreased willingness to exercise

Addisonian crisis - refers to a severe lack of every steroids leading to shock, dehydration and death

this can be caused by iatrogenically by suddenly stopping treatment

Question 6

Treatment for addisons

Answer 6

give drugs like zycortal which increase glucocortoid activity and stimulate the kidney to retain sodium and lose potassium. Desoxycorticosterone (monthy injection) / fludrocortisone (tablets) +/- glucocortoids

Question 7

FLUTD

Answer 7

Feline lower urinary tract disease refers to a number of conditions affecting the bladder and urethra, including -

• bacterial infections
  -idiopathic cystitis
  -urolithias
  -urethral plugs
  -urinary tract obstructions
• urinary neoplasia

reluctance to drink and urinate can lead to concentrated mineral content within urine - leading to urinary crystals and eventually urinary stones.

Question 8

FLUTD

Answer 8

clincial signs include
- ployuria
-anuria
-dysuria
-dehydration
-haematuria
-periuria
-distended hard bladder
-overgrooming

Question 9

minimise chances of FLUTD

Answer 9

• promoting h20 consumption
• prescription diet for cats
• predisposed urinary crystals
• weight loss
• encourage exercise