Endocrine

Question 1

Which cells release parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Answer 1

Chief cells of the parathyroid gland release parathyroid hormone

Question 2

Which cells release calcitonin?

Answer 2

Parafollicular cells in the thyroid release calcitonin in response to high calcium

Question 3

What effect does calcitonin have on bone?

Answer 3

Calcitonin released when high calcium so stimulates osteoblasts and inhibits osteoclasts to build bone

Question 4

Name 4 insulin counter regulatory hormones

Answer 4

Growth hormone
Cortisol
Catecholamines
Glucagon

Question 5

What is the net effect of aldosterone?

Answer 5

Save sodium and piss potassium

Question 6

Describe the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Answer 6

Hypothalamus releases Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)

Anterior pituitary gland releases adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

Adrenal gland (glomerulosa fasiculata) releases cortisol

Negative feedback!

Question 7

Describe the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Answer 7

Hypothalamus releases Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)

Anterior pituitary gland releases adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

Adrenal gland (zona fasiculata and zona reticularis) releases cortisol

Negative feedback!

Question 8

What factors cause release of PTH?

Answer 8

Hypocalcaemia
Hyperphosphataemia
Decreased PTH
Decreased calcitriol

Question 9

Name 3 functions of Angiotensin II

Answer 9

-Arteriolar vasoconstriction
(Systemic and glomerular)
-Stimulation of ADH secretion
-Increase NA tubular reabsorption (PCT greatest effect b/c increases NaH exchangers in apical membrane and NaKATPase in basolateral
Also in LoH, DT and CD
-Stimulation of thirst
-stimulation of aldosterone by adrenal cortex

Question 10

What stimulates calcitriol

Answer 10

Aim increase serum Ca and aphid

Hypophosphataemia
Hypocalcaemia
Increased PTH
Decreased calcitriol concentration