Electrolytes

Question 1

Name the hormones/substances that increase tubular reabsorption of phosphate?

Answer 1

Growth hormone, insulin, insulin-Like growth factor, thyroxine

Question 2

Name substances that lead to increased tubular excretion of phosphate.

Answer 2

Vasopressin, PTH, dexamethasone, calcitonin, ANP, FGF-23

Question 3

Where is the majority of potassium reabsorbed from

Answer 3

Potassium freely filtered through glomerulus
Mostly reabsorbed in proximal tubule
Then thick ascending limb of Henle

Question 4

By what mechanisms is potassium reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 4

Para cellular
Solvent drag

Question 5

By what mechanisms is potassium reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb of Henle

Answer 5

Para cellular
Na/K/Cl co transporter

Question 6

Where is most K reabsorbed?

Answer 6

65% proximal tubule
25% Loop of Henle

Question 7

What is the main pathway of K absorption in the proximal tubule

Answer 7

Paracellular
Transcellular

Question 8

What is tubuloglomerular imbalance phenomenon?

Answer 8

Patients with CKD have concentrated urine

Thought to be due lipids falsely increasing USG

More common in cats