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Repro module - 4th year > Endo 3rd yr - (repro) > Flashcards

Endo 3rd yr - (repro) Flashcards

1
Q

‘16: What’s the main feature of Leydig cells?

A- Basophilic cytoplasm

B- Foamy high lipid content

C- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D- Controlled by FSH

A

B- Foamy high lipid content


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2
Q

‘16: A 22 y/o old female who failed to have pregnancy after 2 years of unprotected intercourse. What would give her an anovulatory menstrual cycle?

A

PCOS

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3
Q

‘16: What is the cause of failure to complete sexual maturation in Klinefelter syndrome ?

A

Testosterone release by Leydig cell

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4
Q

‘16: XX female presented with ambiguous genitalia, hyperplasia of both adrenals, What is the mechanism of the condition?

A

Enzymatic defect

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5
Q

‘16: What is the main source of estrogen in the fetus?

A

Placenta (main estrogen in pregnancy = estriol)

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6
Q

‘16: secrete testosterone:

A- Sertoli cells 
B- Leydig cells 
C- Theca leutia 
D- Granulosa cells 
E- Theca interna
A

B- Leydig cells

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7
Q

‘16: secrete inhibin:

A- Sertoli cells 
B- Leydig cells 
C- Theca leutia 
D- Granulosa cells 
E- Theca interna
A

A- Sertoli cells

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8
Q

‘16: What is the substrate of 5 alpha reductase (not the exact wording)?

A

Testosterone

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9
Q

‘16: A question about calculating the ovulation day in a female with 30-32 days

A

regular menstrual cycle: day (16-18)

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10
Q

‘16: A female with a normal 28-days menstrual cycle. 12-hours earlier she had her peak estradiol levels without any significant progesterone.
What do you expect after 3 days?

A

Ovulation

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11
Q

‘16: What stimulates the production of testosterone from testes?

A

LH

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12
Q

‘16: in postmenopausal women, which sex hormone and gonadotropin will be elevated?

A- Estriol and FSH
B- Estrone and LH
C- Estrone and FSH

A

C- Estrone and FSH

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13
Q

‘16: Why is male sperm auto-immunogenic/ why is there anti-sperm autoimmunity in males?

A

Because the sperms develop after the immune system learns to distinguish between self and non-self

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14
Q

‘16: what is true regarding Clomiphene?

a) Treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome
b) Removes negative inhibition of estrogen

A

b) Removes negative inhibition of estrogen

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15
Q

‘16: Which hormone has a role in positive feedback before ovulation?

a -estrogen
b -LH

A

a -estrogen

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16
Q

‘16: selective alpha1-adrenoreceptor antagonist used in erectile dysfunction?

A

Tamsulosin

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17
Q

‘16: male phenotype with 46/XY, 47/XXY mosaic karyotype

A

Klinefelter syndrome

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18
Q

‘16: Female phenotype, 46 XY karyotype with undescended testes and normal testosterone secretion

A

Androgen insensitivity

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19
Q

‘15: A female with a normal 28 days menstrual cycle presented to the clinic. 12 htr earlier she had her peak in estradiol levels without any significant progesterone. What do you expect after 3 days?

  1. Ovulation
  2. Menses
  3. Corpus luteum will degenerate
A
  1. Ovulation
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20
Q

‘15: What is seen in the gonad histology of a patient with klinefelter’s syndrome?

A

Ghost seminiferous tubules

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21
Q

‘15: In which of the following would secondary sexual characteristics fail to develop?

  1. Those who underwent castration
  2. Those with damaged seminiferous tubules but intact leydig cells
A
  1. Those who underwent castration
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22
Q

‘15: what is a characteristic of estrogen hormone replacement therapy in post-menopausal females?

A

It is more efficient if initiated at the start of the menopause

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23
Q

‘15: Maintain corpus luteum at the beginning of pregnancy.

  1. hcG
  2. FSH
  3. LH
  4. progesterone
  5. testosterone
  6. inhibin
  7. estradiol
  8. GnRH
A
  1. hcG
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24
Q

‘15: Plays role in simulation of sertoli cells.

  1. hcG
  2. FSH
  3. LH
  4. progesterone
  5. testosterone
  6. inhibin
  7. estradiol
  8. GnRH
A
  1. FSH
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25
Q

‘15: Found at the highest level during secretory phase of uterine cycle.

  1. hcG
  2. FSH
  3. LH
  4. progesterone
  5. testosterone
  6. inhibin
  7. estradiol
  8. GnRH
A
  1. progesterone
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26
Q

‘15: Pure gonadal dysgenesis?

  1. SRY gene mutation
  2. Deletion of whole Y chromosome
A
  1. SRY gene mutation
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27
Q

‘15: What stimulates granulosa cells?

  1. LH
  2. Testosterone
  3. FSH
A
  1. FSH
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28
Q

‘15: What is the cause of CAH if low levels of deoxy-cortisol 11 metabolite were detected?

  1. 21 alpha hydroxylase deficiency
  2. 11 b hsd deficiency
  3. 3 b hsd deficiency
  4. 17 b hsd deficiency
A
  1. 21 alpha hydroxylase deficiency
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29
Q

‘15: What would microscopic examination of the gonads in a patient with klinefelter syndrome most likely show?

  1. atrophic seminiferous tubules
  2. atrophic ovarian tissue
  3. atrophic testicular and ovarian tissue
  4. normal ovaries in the first year
  5. normal testes
A
  1. atrophic seminiferous tubules
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30
Q

‘15: Which of the following hormones acts on uterine smooth muscles contraction and the myoepithelial cells for the breasts?

a. LH
b. Oxytocin
c. FSH
d. ACTH

A

b. Oxytocin

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31
Q

‘15: In females, which tanner stage reflects the enlargement of breast and areola as a single mound?

a. stage 1
b. stage 2
c. stage 3
d. stage 4
e. stage 5

A

c. stage 3

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32
Q

‘15: What is a characteristic of XY pure gonadal dysgenesis?

A

Female secondary sexual characteristics

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33
Q

‘14: What is a woman ovulation day if her menstrual cycle is 30-32 days?

a. 14-16 day
b. 7-9 day
c. 16-18 day

A

c. 16-18 day

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34
Q

‘14: Why is male sperm auto-immunogenic/ why is there anti-sperm autoimmunity in males?

a. Because the sperms develop after the immune system learns to distinguish between self and non-self
b. Sperm expresses MHC II Ags

A

a. Because the sperms develop after the immune system learns to distinguish between self and non-self

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35
Q

‘14: A normal adult man treated with experimental drug that blocks LH receptors. What is the plasma concentration of the following hormones?

  1. LH: Increase
    FSH: Doesn’t change
    Testosterone: Increase
  2. LH: Decrease
    FSH: Increase
    Testosterone: Increase

3.
LH: Increase
FSH: Doesn’t change
Testosterone: Decrease

  1. LH: Decrease
    FSH: Doesn’t change
    Testosterone: Increase
A

3.
LH: Increase
FSH: Doesn’t change
Testosterone: Decrease

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36
Q

‘14: What is the reason behind high level of DHEA in the fetal adrenal glands?

A

Progesterone

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37
Q

‘14: A female with a normal 28-days menstrual cycle presented to the clinic. 12-hours earlier she had her peak estradiol levels without any significant progesterone. What do you expect after 3 days?

  1. Menses
  2. Corpus luteum will degenerate
  3. Ovulation
A
  1. Ovulation
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38
Q

‘14: Which is converted to active form by 5α reductase?

A

Testosterone

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39
Q

‘14: in postmenopausal women, which sex hormone and gonadotropin will be elevated?

a. Estriol and FSH
b. Estrone and LH
c. Estrone and FSH
d. Estradiol and FSH
e. Estradiol and LH

A

c. Estrone and FSH

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40
Q

‘14: What is found in the urine of pregnant women?

a. Estrone
b. Estradiol
c. DHEA
d. Estriol

A

d. Estriol

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41
Q

‘14: Which of the following inhibit LH through long loop?

a. Prolactin
b. Testosterone
c. Thyroxin
d. Cortisol
e. Dopamine
f. ACTH
g. TSH
h. LH

A

b. Testosterone

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42
Q

‘14: Inhibits prolactin:

a. Prolactin
b. Testosterone
c. Thyroxin
d. Cortisol
e. Dopamine
f. ACTH
g. TSH
h. LH

A

e. Dopamine

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43
Q

‘14: Where are leydig cells found?

a. Inside Graafian follicle
b. Inside corpus luteum
c. Between ovarian follicles
d. In wall of epididymis
e. Between seminiferous tubules

A

e. Between seminiferous tubules

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44
Q

‘14: What microscopic finding is seen during the examination of gonads of a patient with klinefliter’s disease?

A

Atrophy of the seminiferous tubule

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45
Q

‘14: Which of the following is involved in blood-testis barrier?

a. Sertoli cells
b. Leydig cells
c. Granulosa cells
d. Thecal cells

A

a. Sertoli cells

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46
Q

‘14: Which hormone has an infradian rhythm?

a. Cortisol
b. Growth hormone
c. Luteinizing hormone

A

c. Luteinizing hormone

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47
Q

‘14: Which steroid hormone plays a key role in adrenarche?

a) DHT
b) DHEA
c) cortisone

48
Q

‘13: Lady visited clinic and Dr. found out she has her peak in estrogen level. What will happen after 3 days?

a. Menses
b. Corpus leutem will degenerate
c. Ovulation

A

c. Ovulation

49
Q

‘13: Which hormone plays an important role in adrenarche?

  1. Testosterone
  2. Estradiol
  3. Progesterone
  4. AD
  5. DHEA
50
Q

‘13: A 17 years old female with short stature and primary amenorrhea

  1. 46 XX DSD
  2. 46 XY DSD
  3. Klinfelter’s syndrome
  4. Turner syndrome
A
  1. Turner syndrome
51
Q

‘13: Which of the following is correctly matched?

  1. XY always develop to normal men
  2. XXX show exaggerated female secondary sexual characteristics
  3. XO fail to attain puberty
  4. XX always develop to normal female
A
  1. XO fail to attain puberty
52
Q

‘13: Which hormone triggers ovulation?

  1. LH
  2. FSH
  3. Progesterone
  4. Estrogen
53
Q

‘13: In which Tanner stage do girls have projection of the areola with the papilla as a single mould?

a. Stage 2
b. Stage 3
c. Stage 4
d. Stage 5

A

b. Stage 3

54
Q

‘13: which hormone is aromatized to give the male brain?

  1. Estrogen
  2. Testosterone
  3. DHEA
  4. AD
A
  1. Testosterone
55
Q

‘13: Which disorder of sexual development (DSD) is associated with peripheral lymphedema?:

  1. Mixed gonadal dysgenesis
  2. Kleinfilter’s syndrome
  3. Complete gonadal dysgenesis
  4. 46XYDSD
  5. 45 XO
  6. 46 XX DSD
56
Q

‘13: A baby was born with a micro penis and enlarged adrenals:

  1. Mixed gonadal dysgenesis
  2. Kleinfilter’s syndrome
  3. Complete gonadal dysgenesis
  4. 46XYDSD
  5. 45 XO
  6. 46 XX DSD
57
Q

‘13: A deficiency in which leads to CAH:

  1. CYP 11B1 deficiency
  2. 3HSD deficiency
  3. 5 a reductase deficiency
  4. CYP21 deficiency
  5. CYP 11B2 deficiency
  6. CYP 17 deficiency
A
  1. CYP21 deficiency
58
Q

‘13: What is secreted by sertoli cells during fetal stage?:

a. Inhibin
b. FSH
c. MIS
d. LH
e. Estrogen
f. Testosterone
g. AD
h. DHEA
i. Progesterone

59
Q

‘13: Which hormone is responsible for the secretory phase of endometrium?:

a. Inhibin
b. FSH
c. MIS
d. LH
e. Estrogen
f. Testosterone
g. AD
h. DHEA
i. Progesterone

A

i. Progesterone

60
Q

‘13: What happens during early puberty regarding Leydig cells?

a. Testosterone secreted at night only in early stage
b. Inverted triangle of hair in stage
c. Aromatization to male brain
d. Once hyperpigmentation of scrotum occurs, puberty is achieved

A

a.Testosterone secreted at night only in early stage

61
Q

‘13: A 16 year old female patient came to the hospital complaining of failure to menstruate. On examination it is found that she doesn’t have a uterus and her vagina has a pouch end. What is the most likely genetic composition she has?

a. 45 XO
b. 45XO/46 XX
c. 46 XY (AIS)
d. 46 XX

A

c. 46 XY (AIS)

62
Q

‘13: Q:A girl with short stature, webbed neck, delayed menstrual cycle and diminished secondary sexual characteristics: LH, and FSH were high, Estradiol was low, and TSH, IGF were normal

a. AIS
b. Turner syndrome
c. CAH

A

b. Turner syndrome

63
Q

‘12: Female with menstrual cycle of 30-32 days, when does she ovulate?

A

16-18 days

64
Q

‘12: When is the prepubertal spurt period in males?

A

12.5-13 years old

65
Q

‘12: Young girl with virilization and hirsutism.

66
Q

‘12: What hormone is used in forming the wollfian duct? (internal)

A

Testosterone

67
Q

‘12: What is required for the development of prostate and penis? (external)

A

Dihydrotestosterone

68
Q

‘12: Patient with no secondary sexual characteristics and hypertension?

69
Q

‘12: A 37 year old female present to the doctor complaining of absence of her menses for 18 months duration accompanied by a mild weight gain of 1 Kg. she occasionally experienced hot flashes, which made her worried. She stated that her menses started at age 13 and they were regular. The following are her lab results: LH=high, FSH=high (not higher than LH), Prolactin=589 (normal is up to 600). What is the cause of her absence of menses?

A

Hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism

70
Q

‘12: Which of the following is true regarding osteoporosis?

  • Occurs in men more than women
  • Occurs in men after estrogen levels fall
  • Occurs in black men more than white men
A

• Occurs in men after estrogen levels fall

71
Q

‘10: which steroid hormone plays a key role during adrenarche?

72
Q

‘10: which cells of the following transform into leutual cells?

A

granulosa cells

73
Q

‘10: which of the following hormones peaks before ovulation ? (We are not sure of the question, it has something with positive feedback on FSH & LH)

74
Q

‘10: A patient presented with tall stature, gynocomesia, and testes atrophy, whats the diagnosis?

A

Klinfilter XXY

75
Q

‘10: which of the following happens when MIS is absent ?

A

cryptorchidism

76
Q

‘10: why 3 B HSD is inhibited in fetus ?

A

High progesterone

77
Q

‘10: which of the following hormones is concentrated in pregnant women urine ?

78
Q

‘10: which type of cells secrete ceroplasmin ?

A

Sertoli cells

79
Q

‘10: In which type of cells Renkle rods is seen?

A

leydig cells

80
Q

‘10: Why we cant convert DHEA directly to estrogen by aromatase?

A

Because DHEA doesnt have acidic alpha Hydrogen

81
Q

‘10: A normal adult man treated with experimental drug that blocks LH receptors. What is the plasma concentration of the following hormones?

A

LH increase
FSH doesnt change
estrogen decrease

82
Q

‘10: When is the pre-pubertal spurt period in males?

A

12.5 - 13 years

83
Q

‘10: What enzyme converts testestrone to DHT?

A

5- alfa reductase

84
Q

‘10: How do we confirm polycystic ovary syndrome?

A

High testosterone + low sex hormone binding proteins

85
Q

‘10: What would you find in XXY?

A

Ghost seminephrous tubules

86
Q

‘10: Maintain life of corpus luteum?

87
Q

‘10: Stimulate granulosa cells?

88
Q

‘10: A woman with amenohrrea, low FSH and LH, high estrogen and human gonadotropin?

89
Q

‘09: What is responsible for the growth of the granulosa cells?

90
Q

‘09: A female with a normal 28-days menstrual cycle. 12-hours earlier she had her peak estradiol levels without any significant progesterone.
What do you expect after 3 days?

91
Q

‘09: Why don’t fetal adrenal glands express 3-β HSD during early pregnancy?

A

Progesterone is derived from the placenta

92
Q

‘09: When is the pre-pubertal spurt period in males?

A

12.5 – 13 years old

93
Q

‘09: What is the importance of SRY gene?

A

Its presence gives a male gender

94
Q

‘09: What is a feature of puberty in males?

A

Increased LH specially at night

95
Q

‘09: If we remove the anterior pituitary gland and don’t give hormone replacement therapy, what will be affected?

A

Menstruation

96
Q

‘09: A 76-year-old male with hip fracture after a mild trauma is due to

A

Testosterone deficiency

97
Q

‘09: What steroid is mostly produced by placenta?

A

Progesterone

98
Q

‘09: What steroid derivative is most abundant in urine in pregnancy?

99
Q

‘09: Increased uterine contractility

A

Exogenous Oxytocin production

100
Q

‘09: Which has ultradian and infradian rhythms?

101
Q

‘09: What is the function of DHEA?

A

Activating the hypothalamus-pituitary-axis for full puberty

102
Q

‘09: What is the function of DHEA?

A

Activating the hypothalamus-pituitary-axis for full puberty

103
Q

‘09: Fetal sertoli cells secrete

A

Mullerian inhibiting hormone

104
Q

‘09: Which cell secretes progesterone?

A

Theca lutein

105
Q

‘09: A female with normal 27-days cycle. One day the estrogen levels reached its peak with trace levels of
progesterone. What would happen after two days?

106
Q

‘09: What is measured on the 21st day of menstruation?

A

Progesterone

107
Q

‘09: Low LH, Low FSH, high Estrogen, amenorrhea, and high hCG?

108
Q

‘08: Location of leydig cells:

A

Between seminephrous tubules

109
Q

‘08: what’s the tissue-‐specific mechanism in zona reticularis that causes cyp 17 to convert
progesterone to DHEA bypassing the formation of 17-‐OH progesterone

A

Post transitional phosphorylation of cyp17…………

110
Q

‘08: what is the gland that is responsible for secondary sex characteristic for both males and females?

111
Q

‘08: what is the function of SRY gene?

a. (male development) OR make fetus develop into male
b. regulates formation of ovaries and testes

A

a. (male development) OR make fetus develop into male???

112
Q

‘08: at which Tanner stage, female pubic hair is in adult destribution character and doesn’t reach medial surface of the thigh?

113
Q

‘08: people with androgen insensitivity syndrome have some developmental abnormalities. What is the more likely primary or secondary sexual characteristic can be seen in those individuals at puberty?

A

Breasts development

114
Q

‘08: in which range does ovulation occur in a 27 year old female with regular menstrual cycle of 21 -‐ 23 days?)

115
Q

‘08: A healthy male was given a drug that blocks LH receptors for treatment, what changes in the levels of hormones would take place?

A

↑LH
0 FSH
↓T

116
Q

‘08: Exerts positive feedback

Repro module - 4th year (18 decks)

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