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Repro module - 4th year > 2009 module exam > Flashcards

2009 module exam Flashcards

1
Q

The uterus is primarily supported by

A

Cardinal ligament

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2
Q

In ligation of the uterine vessels, we should look out not to injure

A

Ureter

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3
Q

Somatic innervation of the final third of the vagina is by

A

Pudendal nerve

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4
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to the cervix and vagina is by

A

Pelvic splanchic

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5
Q

What is the drainage for the ovaries?

A

Lumber LN

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6
Q

A 18-year-old patient with heavy bleeding in a 28-days-cycle and heavy clots for six months

A

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

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7
Q

What are the earliest changes in the endometrium after ovulation?

A

Tortuous glands and subnuclear vacuoles

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8
Q

Prolonged excessive endometrial stimulation without secretory changes

A

Anovulatory cycle

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9
Q

A 40-year-old woman with heavy bleeding at regular intervals without organic causes

A

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

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10
Q

Thinning of endometrium with few glands

A

Endometrial atrophy

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11
Q

Which drug induces ovulation?

A

Clomiphene

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12
Q

What is used for advanced breast cancer?

A

Tamoxifen

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13
Q

A patient wanted to use raloxifene over ethinyl estrogen to treat breast cancer. What would be the reason to choose raloxifene?

A

It treats breast cancers related to family history

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14
Q

It was an EBM question, what is the most specific search.

A

Wherever [AND] is found most to reduce the search found

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15
Q

Which gives the blood supply to the anterior scrotum?

A

Femoral artery

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16
Q

Capacitation starts with the event of

A

Efflux of cholesterol

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17
Q

Mechanism of action of combined oral contraceptives

A

Decrease ovulation

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18
Q

Progesterone receptor blocker

A

Mifepristone (RU 486)

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19
Q

Contraceptives are contra-indicated in

A

Cerebrovascular diseases

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20
Q

Contraceptives are best used to

A

Decrease ovarian cancer

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21
Q

Which drug causes destruction of sperm-producing cells?

A

Gossypol

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22
Q

A patient with internal GI hemorrhage, we want to do a pelvic examination, where do we do it? ((something like that :p))

A

Posterior fornix with rectouterine pouch

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23
Q

Which is responsible for the production of hCG?

A

Syncytiotrophoblasts

24
Q

What is the most immunological cause of infertility?

A

Sperm immobilization antibodies

25
Q

What is the pathophysiology of anti-sperm antibodies?

A

Agglutination

26
Q

Which antibodies cause recurrent miscarriage?

A

Anti-phospholipid Abs

27
Q

Which causes recurrent miscarriages?

A

Th1 reactivity

28
Q

What is the mechanism of developing recurrent miscarriages?

A

Apoptosis of trophoblast cells

29
Q

What decreases during pregnancy?

A

Hematocrit

30
Q

What drug causes nasal hypoplasia?

A

Warfarin

31
Q

What drug causes photomelia?

A

Thalidomide

32
Q

Which drug and for what condition can be used in pregnancy?

A

Methyldopa – pregnancy

33
Q

What is the major fuel used by the fetus in the 2nd trimester?

A

Glucose

34
Q

Why is permeability low in the placenta in the first weeks?

A

Thick membranes

35
Q

What will lead to normal female differentiation?

A

Absence of Y chromosome

36
Q

What is produced by mesenchyme of testes in development?

A

Leydig cells

37
Q

Which is a remnant of the gubernaculum?

A

Round ligament of uterus

38
Q

What is the function of 5-alpha-reductase?

A

Testosterone to DHT for external male genitalia development

39
Q

A patient with unilocular cyst and one line of columnar epithelium with cilia

A

Serous cystadenoma

40
Q

Transitional cell tumor of the ovary

A

Brenner tumor

41
Q

What is the microscopic part of CIN II?

A

2/3 of epithelium have dysplasia

42
Q

What is the most common cervical cancer?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

43
Q

Nests and tongues of invasive malignant cells with keratinized and non-keratinized parts

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix

44
Q

Multiple nodules with cigar shaped nuclei and no mitosis or atypia

A

Leiomyoma

45
Q

Which antigens are responsible for the cervical dysplasia?

A

E6 + E7

46
Q

What is a characteristic of mammary gland?

A

Modified apocrine sweat glands

47
Q

A patient with breast pain, apocrine metaplasia, and cyst formation

A

Fibrocystic changes

48
Q

A patient with breast disorder and slit-like glands with mitosis and atypia

A

Phyllodes tumor malignant

49
Q

A patient with breast disorder and foamy histiocytes and giant and inflammatory cells

A

Fat necrosis

50
Q

A patient with breast mass cyst in UOQ of 3 cm. FNA showed greenish fluid. What is the next method of investigation done?

A

Cytology of aspirated fluid

51
Q

A 50-year-old woman is suspected with breast cancer. What is the method of investigation?

A

Mammogram

52
Q

A 45-year-old patient with 5 children came for menorhaggia every 15 days. What should we do?

A

Endometrial biopsy

53
Q

Counting number of pads

A

Subjective measurement of uterine blood loss

54
Q

Which drug is not used during the whole pregnancy?

A

ACEI

55
Q

Bilateral tumor with psammoma bodies

A

Serous carcinoma

56
Q

Its secretion causes masculinization of external genitalia

A

Leydig cells

57
Q

Where does the vagus nerve enter the abdomen?

A

Esophageal hiatus

Repro module - 4th year (18 decks)

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