2009 module exam Flashcards
The uterus is primarily supported by
Cardinal ligament
In ligation of the uterine vessels, we should look out not to injure
Ureter
Somatic innervation of the final third of the vagina is by
Pudendal nerve
Parasympathetic innervation to the cervix and vagina is by
Pelvic splanchic
What is the drainage for the ovaries?
Lumber LN
A 18-year-old patient with heavy bleeding in a 28-days-cycle and heavy clots for six months
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
What are the earliest changes in the endometrium after ovulation?
Tortuous glands and subnuclear vacuoles
Prolonged excessive endometrial stimulation without secretory changes
Anovulatory cycle
A 40-year-old woman with heavy bleeding at regular intervals without organic causes
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Thinning of endometrium with few glands
Endometrial atrophy
Which drug induces ovulation?
Clomiphene
What is used for advanced breast cancer?
Tamoxifen
A patient wanted to use raloxifene over ethinyl estrogen to treat breast cancer. What would be the reason to choose raloxifene?
It treats breast cancers related to family history
It was an EBM question, what is the most specific search.
Wherever [AND] is found most to reduce the search found
Which gives the blood supply to the anterior scrotum?
Femoral artery
Capacitation starts with the event of
Efflux of cholesterol
Mechanism of action of combined oral contraceptives
Decrease ovulation
Progesterone receptor blocker
Mifepristone (RU 486)
Contraceptives are contra-indicated in
Cerebrovascular diseases
Contraceptives are best used to
Decrease ovarian cancer
Which drug causes destruction of sperm-producing cells?
Gossypol
A patient with internal GI hemorrhage, we want to do a pelvic examination, where do we do it? ((something like that :p))
Posterior fornix with rectouterine pouch
Which is responsible for the production of hCG?
Syncytiotrophoblasts
What is the most immunological cause of infertility?
Sperm immobilization antibodies
What is the pathophysiology of anti-sperm antibodies?
Agglutination
Which antibodies cause recurrent miscarriage?
Anti-phospholipid Abs
Which causes recurrent miscarriages?
Th1 reactivity
What is the mechanism of developing recurrent miscarriages?
Apoptosis of trophoblast cells
What decreases during pregnancy?
Hematocrit
What drug causes nasal hypoplasia?
Warfarin
What drug causes photomelia?
Thalidomide
Which drug and for what condition can be used in pregnancy?
Methyldopa – pregnancy
What is the major fuel used by the fetus in the 2nd trimester?
Glucose
Why is permeability low in the placenta in the first weeks?
Thick membranes
What will lead to normal female differentiation?
Absence of Y chromosome
What is produced by mesenchyme of testes in development?
Leydig cells
Which is a remnant of the gubernaculum?
Round ligament of uterus
What is the function of 5-alpha-reductase?
Testosterone to DHT for external male genitalia development
A patient with unilocular cyst and one line of columnar epithelium with cilia
Serous cystadenoma
Transitional cell tumor of the ovary
Brenner tumor
What is the microscopic part of CIN II?
2/3 of epithelium have dysplasia
What is the most common cervical cancer?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Nests and tongues of invasive malignant cells with keratinized and non-keratinized parts
Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix
Multiple nodules with cigar shaped nuclei and no mitosis or atypia
Leiomyoma
Which antigens are responsible for the cervical dysplasia?
E6 + E7
What is a characteristic of mammary gland?
Modified apocrine sweat glands
A patient with breast pain, apocrine metaplasia, and cyst formation
Fibrocystic changes
A patient with breast disorder and slit-like glands with mitosis and atypia
Phyllodes tumor malignant
A patient with breast disorder and foamy histiocytes and giant and inflammatory cells
Fat necrosis
A patient with breast mass cyst in UOQ of 3 cm. FNA showed greenish fluid. What is the next method of investigation done?
Cytology of aspirated fluid
A 50-year-old woman is suspected with breast cancer. What is the method of investigation?
Mammogram
A 45-year-old patient with 5 children came for menorhaggia every 15 days. What should we do?
Endometrial biopsy
Counting number of pads
Subjective measurement of uterine blood loss
Which drug is not used during the whole pregnancy?
ACEI
Bilateral tumor with psammoma bodies
Serous carcinoma
Its secretion causes masculinization of external genitalia
Leydig cells
Where does the vagus nerve enter the abdomen?
Esophageal hiatus
