2009 final Flashcards
What sends parasympathetic fibers to the uterus?
Pelvic splanchic
A 50-year-old patient came to the clinic to see if she can take HRT without any problems. What should be done to her?
Mammogram + bone dentisy
A 19-year-old patient had her menarche at 14 years old, but had her menopause at 19. With her FSH > 40, what should be done?
- Family history with endocrine disorders
- Autoimmune disorders
- Genetic testing with antibody
?
What’s seen after ovulation?
Torteous glands + subnuclear vacuoles
What is the best precursor for endometrial cancer?
Complex hyperplasia with atypia
What is a characteristic of selective estrogen modulators?
They may act as agonist or antagonist depending on the target
tissue
A patient wanted to use raloxifene over ethinylestrogen for infertility/breast cancer. What would make her choose raloxifene?
Positive family history of breast cancer
A patient with galactorrhea and amenorrhea. What will be high?
Prolactin
What happens in acrosome reaction?
Acrosomal enzymes from head of sperm penetrate the zona pellucida
What is a contraindication for contraceptives?
Cerebcovascular disease
What inhibits spermatogenesis by destroying sperm producing cells?
Gossypol
Which is a progesterone receptor antagonist?
Mifepristone (RU 486)
Mechanical barrier for contraception
Condom
By breast feeding
High prolactin
Release of leukocytes and prostaglandins by endometrium and increase hostility to sperms and eggs
IUCD “coil”
Where would fluid accumulate in the pelvis?
Posterior fornix with rectouterine pouch
What happens before implantation?
Blastocyst hatching
What is the mechanism of infertility caused by sperm antibodies?
Immobilization
What causes infertility?
Anti-sperm antibodies
What is the most common factor causing spontaneous miscarriages?
Th1 cytokines
What causes increased cardiac output in pregnancy?
Increased stroke volume
What causes phocomelia in fetuses?
Thalidomide
What causes nasal hypoplasia?
Warfarin
A tall stature patient with cystic acne and impaired motor development
47 XYY
A 14-year-old female with 46 XY and with amenorrhea and cryptoorchid testes
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
What’s formed by coelomic epithelium?
Follicular cells
Complete failure of mullerian duct fusion
Uterus didelphys
Uterus bicornuate is cause by
Failure of paramesopnephric duct to fuse
What is the structure that goes through the abdomen with the gubernaculum
Protessus vaginalis
What is responsible for secreting the hormone for external male genitalia?
Interstitial cells of leydig
Tumor with collection of tissues derived from all three germ layers
Teratoma
Tumor with signet ring cells
Krukenburg
Breast tumor that metastasized to the vertebra by
Intercostal vessels
What reduces blood loss after postpartum?
Oxytocin
Normal hypertrophy of one or both breasts during menstruation
Macromastia
Hypertrophy of male breast tissue
Gynecomastia
A patient with a lump near her armpit that increases in size during menstruation
Accessory axillary breast tissue
Breast section shows lipid-laden macrophages and inflammation
Fat necrosis
A patient with cyst formation with apocrine metaplasia and fibrous stroma
Fibrocystic change
What can be found in the deep perineal pouch?
Bulbourethral gland
