2012 final Flashcards
What exerts negative feedback on FSH?
Inhibin-A
Biopsy of a 27-year old showed neurofibrillary tangles and plaques. Diagnose.
▪ Down syndrome
▪ Alzheimer’s disease
▪ Down syndrome
What is the effect of inflammatory cytokines on recurrent miscarriage?
Apoptosis of trophoblasts
Which breast quadrant is the most involved in pathologies?
Upper outer
A pregnant woman was examined and the baby’s head was in the suprapubic area and the back was in the left middle area. Where will you auscultate for the heart sounds?
▪ Left upper abdominal area
▪ Left lower abdominal area
▪ Above the umbilicus
▪ Left lower abdominal area
- Auscultation is best heart at the most convex area, i.e. baby’s back in this case is in the left lower abdominal area
Which drug if used in the first trimester causes nasal hypoplasia?
Warfarin
What is true regarding norgestimate?
▪ Estrogen analog ▪ Can be taken in pregnancy ▪ Contraindicated in breast feeding ▪ Minimal androgenic activity ▪ Increase HDL
▪ Minimal androgenic activity
What is true regarding hormone replacement therapy for menopausal woman?
▪ More effective if given earlier
▪ Reverses bone damage
▪ Cause hot flashes
▪ More effective if given earlier
What is the normal length of the menstrual cycle?
21 to 35 days
Calculate the delivery date if the last menstrual period is 10 – 1 – 2016.
17–10–2016
A 22-year old women who is pregnant for the 5t h time has a history of 2 spontaneous abortions at 8 and 9 weeks of gestation, respectively. She also has a history of 2 preterm deliveries with 2 live babies. What is the parity code?
G5 P(0+2+2+2)
What best describes a parasitic infection transmitted from the mother to the fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy?
▪ Microvascular disease ▪ Cerebral infarction ▪ Cerebral hemorrhage ▪ Ring enhancing lesion ▪ Multiple abscess ▪ Multiple tumors ▪ Encephalitis ▪ Meningoencephalitis
▪ Ring enhancing lesion
- Due to toxoplasmosis
What best cerebral malaria?
▪ Ring enhancing lesion ▪ Cerebral infarction ▪ Cerebral hemorrhage ▪ Multiple abscess ▪ Multiple tumors ▪ Encephalitis ▪ Microvascular disease ▪ Meningoencephalitis
▪ Microvascular disease
Accelerated follicular atresia with abnormal ovulation occur in which case?
48-year old woman with irregular menstrual cycles
A decrease in progesterone and estradiol after disintegration of the corpus luteum with constriction of the spiral arteries causes blood loss from endometrium. In which case does the previous scenario apply?
A 20-year old female with regular menstrual cycle
Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for the use of contraceptives?
▪ Thromboembolic disease ▪ Uterine fibroids ▪ Hypoglycemia ▪ Functional ovarian cysts ▪ Endometrial carcinoma
▪ Thromboembolic disease
What is responsible for expelling the final residue of semen or urine?
▪ Deep perineal pouch ▪ Bulbospongiosus ▪ Coccygeus ▪ Ischiocavernosus ▪ Levator ani
▪ Bulbospongiosus
What describes a menstrual cycle of 6-7 days every 45 days?
▪ Hypomenorrhea
▪ Oligomenorrhea
▪ Amenorrhea
▪ Oligomenorrhea
Call-Exner bodies are seen in which tumor?
Granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary
A 23-year old male came with gynecomastia and testicular mass showing reinke crystals. Diagnose.
Leydig cell tumor
Where does fertilization occur in the fallopian tube?
▪ Isthmus
▪ Fimbria
▪ Infundibulum
▪ Ampulla
▪ Ampulla
From which fold does the labia minora come from?
▪ Urethral ▪ Urogenital ▪ Urosacral ▪ Genital ▪ Labial
▪ Urogenital
What is the mechanism of action of prostaglandin-induced labor?
▪ Increased sensitivity of endometrium to oxytocin
▪ Decreased myometrial ionic gap junctions
▪ Increased asynchronous endometrial contractions
▪ Increased oxytocin secretion
▪ Decreased relaxin
▪ Increased sensitivity of endometrium to oxytocin
What controls menstrual cycle?
▪ Thyroid gland ▪ Cerebral cortex ▪ Local endometrial factors ▪ Anterior pituitary gland ▪ Coagulative and fibrinolytic system
▪ Anterior pituitary gland
What cell is derived from the genital ridge mesenchyme?
▪ Leydig cell ▪ Granulosa cell ▪ Secondary spermatocytes ▪ Rete testis ▪ Zona pellucida
▪ Leydig cell
What forms the primitive sex cells?
Primary sex cords
What is used to view critical appraisal summaries of selected, clinically important articles?
▪ PubMed ▪ Up-To-Date ▪ Cochrane ▪ ACP Journal Club ▪ Evidence-Based Medicine
▪ ACP Journal Club
- For systemic review (meta-analyses), PubMed and Cochrane are used. For critical appraisal summaries, critically-appraised topics (CAT’s) are used including: ACP Journal Club, Essential Evidence Plus, TRIP Database, and JAMA Evidence. Online updated textbooks include Up-To-Date and MD Consult.
What describes ectopic endometrial tissue in the ovary?
Chocolate cyst
What corresponds to L4?
Iliac crest
A male patient with a history of unprotected sexual intercourse presented with a painful ulcer in the prepuce of his penis with a necrotic yellow base preceded by papules. Which bedside test is done to confirm his diagnosis?
▪ Tzanck smear ▪ PAS stain ▪ Electron microscopy ▪ Direct fluorescence ▪ H&E stain
▪ H&E stain
Biopsy of the endometrium showed cellular stroma with circular glands and mitosis. What describes the cycles?
Anovulatory
Why is heparin, which doesn’t cross the placenta, always given to pregnant women who need anticoagulation?
▪ High molecular weight
▪ Non-protein bound
▪ Lipid soluble
▪ Very short half-life
▪ High molecular weight
What is the cause of biconruate uterus?
Failure of paramesonephric duct fusion
What gives rise to primordial germ cells?
▪ Urogenital sinus ▪ Coelmic epithelium ▪ Urachus ▪ Processus vaginalis ▪ Interstitial cells of Leydig ▪ Primary sex cords
▪ Urachus
- Remember that the origin of the primordial germ cells is the wall of the yolk sock or the endoderm around the allantois, and the urachus is the fibrous remnant of the allantois
What moves along the path made by the gubernaculum from the abdomen?
▪ Processus vaginalis
▪ Urogenital sinus
▪ Coelmic epithelium
▪ Processus vaginalis
Which of the following describes an opening that is 30 cm transversely and 11 cm from anterior to posterior?
▪ Pelvic outlet
▪ Android pelvis
▪ Pelvic inlet
▪ Pelvic inlet
What is limited by the sacrotuberous ligament, inferior border of the pelvic bone, and inferior tuberosity?
▪ Pelvic outlet
▪ Android pelvis
▪ Pelvic inlet
▪ Pelvic outlet
Which of the following is characterized by a narrow subpubic arch, prominent ischial spines, and is heart-shaped?
▪ Pelvic outlet
▪ Android pelvis
▪ Pelvic inlet
▪ Android pelvis
On examination of a pregnant woman, the baby’s head was in the left flank and his butt at the right flank. What describes his lie?
▪ Transverse
▪ Horizontal
▪ Oblique
▪ Transverse
