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Repro module - 4th year > 2016 module exam > Flashcards

2016 module exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is described as a solid bilateral tumor composed of signet-ring cells?

A

Krukenberg tumor

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2
Q

What characterizes the vas deferans?

A) Wide lumen
B) Thick wall
C) 3 Muscular layers

A

C) 3 Muscular layers

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3
Q

what is the best prognostic factor for breast cancer?

a. tumor size
b. tumor grade
c. histologic subtype
d. lymph node metastasis
e. hormone receptor response

A

d.lymph node metastasis

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4
Q

Serous endometrial carcinoma?

A

TP53

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5
Q

What is the reason for O2 transport from mother to fetus despite the small gradient?

A

Movement of oxygen dissociation curve to the left

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6
Q

acanthosis nigricans feautures whats diagnosis?

A

PCOS

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7
Q

Pulmonary embolism associated with?

A

Antiphospholipids Ab

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8
Q

DRE to 28 yr old married female with something felt in Rectouterine pouch?

a. Ovary
b. fallopian tube
c. retroverted uterus

A

c.retroverted uterus

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9
Q

Antisperm antibody detected by?

A

Immunoflorouscence

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10
Q

mechanism cellular damage if recurrent spontaneous miscarriage?

A

Troohoblast apoptosis

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11
Q

bengin prostatic hyperplasia which lobe?

A

Median

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12
Q

prostate cancer which zone?

A

Peripheral

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13
Q

50/60 year old man came with urinary symptoms. Pathology showed loss of distinction between right and left lobes.

a. hyperplasia of glands and stroma
b. prostatic carcinoma

A

b.prostatic carcinoma

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14
Q

A 60 year old man presents with painless hematurea and low back pain. On rectal examination a hard mass (there was a different discription) was detected. What is more likely found in his biopsy? (prostate cancer scenario)

a. Single layer of glands
b. double layers of glands
c. glandular and stromal hyperplasia

A

a.Single layer of glands

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15
Q

What differetiates leiomyoma from leiosacromyoma?

a. Cellularity
b. Loss of basement membrane
c. Loss of maturation
d. Mitotic activity

A

?

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16
Q

Risk factor for developing endometrial carcinoma

A- BMI =32 (obesity)
B- Smoking for 10 years

A

A- BMI =32 (obesity)

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17
Q

In endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, what’s the risk of carcinoma?

a. 0%
b. 1-3%
c. 25-48%
d. > 50%

A

b. 1-3%

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18
Q

Testicular mass poorly differentiated lobules with delicate septa and uniform cells?

A

Seminoma

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19
Q

Alpha fetoprotein is a marker of which of the following?

A

yolk sac tumor

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20
Q

3 y.o. Boy with testicular tumor and elevated alpha feto protein, what does the tumor show?

A

Schiller-duval bodies

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21
Q

Ovarian cyst with brown tarr colored fluid?

A

Endometrioid cyst

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22
Q

Ovarian mass with hyperplasia of endometriaum?

A

Granulosa cell tumor

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23
Q

Solid malignant cells around solid necrosis in bresast?

A

DCIS

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24
Q

A female presented with bloody nipple discharge, no palpable mass no tenderness, unilateral, dilated ducts. Whats the dx?

A

intraduct papilloma

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25
Q

Cause of hypospadias?

A. Abnormal development of anterior abdominal wall
B. Enlarged genitalia tubercle
C. Failure to fusion of urethral folds

A

C. Failure to fusion of urethral folds*

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26
Q

What is the first investigation choice in 50 years old female presenting with breast mass?

A. mammography 
B. US breast
C. MRI
D. FNA
E. core biopsy
A

A. mammography

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27
Q

Which phase of mestrual cycle is characterised by coiled glands in the endometrium ?

A. Menstrual phase
B. Follicular phase
C. Proliferative phase
D. Secretory phase

A

D. Secretory phase

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28
Q

LN metastasis landmark?

A

Pectoralis Minor

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29
Q

LN in breast drain mostly in?

A

Central axillary

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30
Q

The most direct route of breast cancer metastasis to vertebral column?

A

Intercostal veins

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31
Q

Med student asked by doctor to ligate medial arterial supply to medial breast, branches of which artery?

A

Internal Thoracic artery

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32
Q

Granulosa cells secrete?

A

Estrogen

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33
Q

Tumor marker AMH?

a. Granulosa cell tumor
b. thecoma

A

a.Granulosa cell tumor

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34
Q

Blood volume increase faster than RBC formation?

A

Physiological Anemia

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35
Q

29 how many days after ovulation in a normal pregnancy can you detect serum HCG?

  1. 6-8
  2. 8-10
  3. 10-12
A
  1. 6-8
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36
Q

diabetogenic hormone?

A

HPL

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37
Q

Progesterone effects on breathing?

a. Increases minute volume and tidal volume
b. Increase set point for respiration by CO2

A

a.Increases minute volume and tidal volume

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38
Q

What increases formation of Corticosteroids binding globulin?

A

Estradiol

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39
Q

phocomelia?

A

Thalidomide

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40
Q

What drug causes damage in growing cartilage?

A

Quinolone

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41
Q

What does transversalis fascia give rise to?

A. Cremasteric fascia
B. Internal spermatic fascia
C. External spermatic fascia

A

B. Internal spermatic fascia

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42
Q

what closes to form penile urethra?

A

Urethral folds

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43
Q

5a reductase damage malformation of?

A

Penis

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44
Q

Paramesonephric ducts failed to fuse severely?

a. Didelphys
b. bicorneus

A

a.Didelphys

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45
Q

why causes ovary to be posterior to broad ligament?

a. Inferomedial movement of paramesnophric duct
b. Caudo-medial movement of the gubernaculum

A

a.Inferomedial movement of paramesnophric duct

46
Q

Uterus, cervix, upper vagina develop from?

a. Paramesonephric ducts
b. Sinovaginal bulb

A

a.Paramesonephric ducts

47
Q

Which tumor marker is commonly elevated in patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma?

A) CEA
B) Ca19-9 
C) AFP
D) LDH
E) Ca125
48
Q

What is true about ovarian cancer arrising from the celomic epithelium?

a. Elevated CEA
b. It is usually asymptomatic
c. Can be detected early
d. It usually affects young women

A

b.It is usually asymptomatic

49
Q

51 year old woman did not get her period for 13 months. She presents to the clinic with vaginal bleeding. What is this called?

a. Postmenopausal bleeding
b. Perimenopausal bleeding

A

a.Postmenopausal bleeding

50
Q
  1. Endometriosis is the presence of glands and stroma outside the endometrium. Their presence in which of the following describes the “stem cell theory/hypothesis”?

a. Ovary
b. Uterine ligaments
c. Abdominal wall
d. Thigh

A

d.Thigh* (not sure)

51
Q

Semiconservative way to assess menstrual cycle?

A

Menstrual Pectogram

52
Q

A woman with 21 days cycle, on which day does she ovulate?

53
Q

Age of precocious puberty in female and male?
(female) (male)

a. 8 9
b. 9 8
c. 16 14
d. 12.5 12.5

54
Q

Female 46 xx presented with ambiguous external genetalia and increased acth, this is due to deficiency in which enzyme?

a. 21-alpha hydroxylase
b. 3-beta estrohydrogenase (not sure)
c. 5 alpha reductase

A

a.21-alpha hydroxylase

55
Q

In which anatomical site does capacitation of the spermatozoa occur?

A. seminal vesicle
B. epididymis
C. ureter
D. female reproductive system

A

D. female reproductive system

56
Q

in complete mole 69XXY happen because of ?

A

Failure of cortical reaction

57
Q

Complete mole happen because of?

a. Fertilization of empty oocyte
b. presence of fetal tissue

A

a.Fertilization of empty oocyte

58
Q

Which oogenesis stage is arrest of oogenesis before fertilization?

A) Prophase |
B) metaphase |
C) anaphase |
D) Prophase ||
E) Metaphase ||
A

E) Metaphase ||

59
Q

oogenesis arrest after giving 2nd polar body?

A

Telophase 2

60
Q

This time varies in males and duration increases with age

a. refractory
b. resolution
c. plateau

A

a.refractory*

61
Q

Which of the following is the function of effector BRCA2 ?

1- DNA resection
2- homologous recombination
3- recruitment of DNA to site
4- S checkpoint

A

2- homologous recombination

62
Q

leptin resistance in pregnancy?

a. High solube receptors of leptin
b. Increased placental leptin resistance /receptor

A

a.High solube receptors of leptin

63
Q

the fetal head on the left lumbar and the buttocks of the right lumbar

a. cephalic presention
b. oblique lie
c. transverse lie

A

c.transverse lie

64
Q

which of the following maternal pelvic diameters explain slow labor (something like that)?

A. transverse pelvic outlet diameter = 11
B. transverse pelvic inlet diameter= 11
C. transverse diameter of the cavity = 12
D. anterior posterior diameter of the pelvic inlet= 11
E. anterior posterior diameter of the outlet = 13
A

B. transverse pelvic inlet diameter= 11

65
Q

what is the main hormone that mediates uterus involution?

66
Q

The distance between which structures represents diagonal conjucate of the pelvis?

A) inferior pubic ligament & sacral promontory
B) superior border of pubic symphysis and sacral promontory
C) between ishcial spines
D) pubic symphysis and coccyx

A

A) inferior pubic ligament & sacral promontory

67
Q

which of the following conditions of the mother caused by a candida infection of the infant?

a. Mastitis
b. Cracked nipple
c. Engorgement

A

a.Mastitis

68
Q

20 yr/o female had uncomplicated pregnancy, vaginal delivery at term. Breastfed the infant. Six wks later developed painful/swollen breast. On examination, a 3cm mass was found in the left breast, w/ painful fissures below the nipple. What is the likely pathology?

A. intraductal carcinoma 
B. galactocele
C. pyogenic abscess 
D. fat necrosis
E. sclerosing adenosis
A

C. pyogenic abscess

69
Q

25 yo female with a menstrual cycle occuring every 50-60 days, what term best describes her condition?

a. primary amenorrhea
b. secondary amenorrhea
c. hypomenorrhea
d. oligomenorrhea
e. cryptomenorrhea

A

d. oligomenorrhea

70
Q

Maternal condition can cause caudal regression in a fetus?

A. Diabetes Mellitus
B. Syphilis
C. SLE

A

A. Diabetes Mellitus

71
Q

A 40 year old pregnant woman with gestational age of 10 weeks. she’s had 5 C-sections before between 37-42 weeks. one baby was born dead due to congenital malformations. she’s had 2 miscarriages and 1 ectopic pregnancy. what is her parity code

a. G8 P4+ 0 + 4 + 4
b. G8 P5+ 0 + 3 + 4
c. G9 P4 + 1 + 3 + 4
d. G9 P5 + 0 + 3 + 4
e. G9 P4 + 0 + 4 + 4

A

d.G9 P5 + 0 + 3 + 4

72
Q

what type of HPV is almost always associated with adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix?

a. HPV 6
b. HPV 11
c. HPV 16
d. HPV 18

73
Q

26 year old female with painless, mobile, well-circumscribed breast mass. Histology shows proliferation of stroma and glands and slit-like spaces.

A. Fibroadenoma
B. Fibrocystic change
C. Galactocele

A

A. Fibroadenoma

74
Q

What is the length of a normal menstrual cycle in days?

A. 15-21
B. 21-35
C. 28-35
D. 30-42

75
Q

First option of treatment for AUB in 40 years old female?

a. non hormonal therapy
b. simple hysterectomy
c. hormonal therapy
d. endometrial ablation

A

a.non hormonal therapy

76
Q

The persistence of which of the following structures causes an encysted hydrocele of the spermatic cord?

A.tunica vaginalis
B.tunica albuginea
C.processus vaginalis

A

C.processus vaginalis

77
Q

The persistence of which of the following structures causes hydrocele of the testis?

A.tunica vaginalis
B.tunica albuginea
C.processus vaginalis

A

A.tunica vaginalis

78
Q

What structure is mainly supplied by internal pudendal artery?

a. tetstis
b. penis
c. vas deferens

79
Q

What the the anatomical landmark of lymph nodes in mastectomy

a. pec minor
b. pec major

A

a.pec minor

80
Q

In the lymphatic drainage of the breast lymph nodes, where do most (75%) of lymph drain into?

81
Q

what is associated with gestational diabetes ?

A) decreased amniotic fluid
B) decreased fetal wight
C) increased risk of hypotension
D) increased future risk of diabetes type-2

82
Q

a pregnant women is exposed to endocrine distruption that inhibits 5 alpha reductase. The development of which organ may be affected in the fetu?

A. ovary 
B. penis
C. testis 
D. uterus 
E. vagina
83
Q

During examination of a male neonate , the doctor observed an undescended testis held in its normal path of descent , what could that site be ?

a) femoral
b) perineal
c) perepenile
d) suprascrotal

A

d) suprascrotal

84
Q

Pregnant women her LMP 20/2/202. First trimester ends at?

a. 20/5/2020
b. 17/5/2020
c. 20/4/2020
d. 13/5/2020

A

a. 20/5/2020

85
Q

Mass in breast with dilated ducts and malignant cells with central necrosis

a. ductal carcinoma in situ
b. medullary carcinoma

A

a. ductal carcinoma in situ

86
Q

Which of the following may cause recurrent early pregnancy loss in a case of brown-black, poorly defined, velvety hyper pigmented skin, usually in folded skin?

a. Anti phospholipid syndrome
b. Polycystic ovarian syndrome
c. Hypothyroidism
d. Uterine adhesions
e. Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

b. Polycystic ovarian syndrome

87
Q

Which type of pelvis is the most suited for vaginal delivery?

A. gynecoid
B. android
C. platypelloid
D. anthropoid

A

A. gynecoid

88
Q

Which of the following occur during embryological development of genital tract?

a. fallopian tube derived from mullerian duct
b. recognition of external genitalia at 6th week
c. upper 1/3 of vagina developed from cloca
d. wolfian duct degenerate in presence of Y chromosome

A

a. fallopian tube derived from mullerian duct

89
Q

what is the imaging modality in an Abnormal uterine bleeding case ?

A

Transvaginal US

90
Q

A young female had breast cancer and she was positive for BRCA1 mutatio, what would you most likely find in her receptors?

A) ER:+ PR:+ Her2:-
B) ER:- PR:- Her2:+
C) triple negative

A

C) triple negative

91
Q

what is important for the descent testis?

92
Q

Which of these is a cause of early menopause?

A. Poorly controlled type II diabetes
B. Smoking 20 cigarettes for 10 years
C. Simple hysterectomy at age 49
D. Poorly controlled hypertension E. Ovarian cystectomy at age 30

A

B. Smoking 20 cigarettes for 10 years

93
Q

A young boy got injured from falling off his bicycle. He noticed a swelling in his scrotum and penis. Which part was effected?

a. Urinary bladder
b. Subbladder urethra
c. Prostatic urethra
d. Spongy urethra

A

d.Spongy urethra

94
Q

Th1 causing recurrent miscarriage?

a. Activation of immune suppression cells
b. Anti-phospholipids antibodies
c. Anti-trophoblast antibidies
d. Trophoblast apoptosis

A

d.Trophoblast apoptosis

95
Q

a 30 y/o presents for antenatal care at 32 weeks of gestation. abdominal examination reveals that the funds is 28 cm above the pubic symphsis. what beat describes the clinical evaluation of uterine size?

a. small for gestational age
b. appropriate for gestational age
c. large for gestational age
d. should be measured in centimeters above umbilicus
e. should be measured in centimeters below xiphisternum

A

b. appropriate for gestational age (Not sure)

96
Q

a 25 y/o woman planning to get married. she was diagnosed with lymphoma and received several courses of chemotherapy few years ago. she wonders if she can get pregnant with ovulation induction. which test can predict the potential for ovulation?

a. AMH
b. Mid-luteal phase progesterone
c. estradiol
d. Mid-cyclic LH
e. GnRH

97
Q

What is a progestin antagonist that can be used to induce abortion during 1st trimester of pregnancy?

a. gossypol
b. mestranol
c. levonorgestrel
d. clomiphene
e. mifepristone

A

e. mifepristone

98
Q

muscle in the deep perineal pouch?

A external urethral
B bubospongiosus muscle
C ischiocavernousus

A

A external urethral

99
Q

What causes inadequate milk secretion?

a. Prolonged neonatal ventilation
b. Manual removal of placenta
c. Operative vaginal delivery
d. Removal of a 2*2 fibroadenoma last year
e. manual removal of placenta

A

a.Prolonged neonatal ventilation

100
Q

What is the cytopathic effect of HPV in squamous cell carcinoma?

a. presence of koilocytes
b. Increases mitotic activity

A

a.presence of koilocytes

101
Q

)which hormone increase in the first trimester?

A-hCG
B-FSH
C-Aldosterone

102
Q

17 year old female with primary amenorrhea. She was given Progestin and after it was stopped there was no vaginal bleeding. What does this rule out?

a. PCOS
b. Imperforate hymen
c. Vaginal septum thingie
d. Mullerian agenesis

103
Q

Question about semi-objective assessment of bleeding

a. number of pads
b. pictoral chart

A

a.number of pads

104
Q

question about Ovary metastasis = para-aortic

105
Q

A 25 year old woman is planning to get married, she was diagnosed with lymphoma and was treated with several sessions of chemotherapy a few years ago. She was wondering if she could have induced ovulation.
Which of these estimates the ability to ovulate?

A. Mid-luteal progesterone
B. Mid-cycle LH
C. GnRH
D. Estradiol

106
Q

Peripheral hard nodular mass =prostatic carcinoma

107
Q

How can anti sperm antibodies cause infertility?

A

Check immunology note

108
Q

Stroma, gland, chocolate/hemosidren= endometroid cyst

109
Q

Prostate metastasis to lymph nodes = Para aortic

110
Q

Unexplained recurrent miscarriages without clear cause/ relevant condition

A

Anti-phospholipids Abs

111
Q

a question about muscle injury during episiotomy

Repro module - 4th year (18 decks)

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