2013 module exam Flashcards
Which of the following is an embryological remnant of the cephalic part of the paramesonephric duct?
A. Appendix of the testes
B. Appendix of epidydimis
A. Appendix of the testes
What is the embryological origin of median umbilical ligaments in adults?
A. Urachus
B. Mesonephros
A. Urachus
Note: This question is based on what we studied in the renal module.
What develops from the mesonephric duct in a male embryo?
A. Vas deferens
B. Seminefrous tubules
A. Vas deferens
XY female presented with failure to menstruate. Analysis showed deletion of the SRY gene. What is the diagnosis?
A. Fragile X syndrome
B. Turner Syndrome
C. Swyer syndrome
C. Swyer syndrome
A tall athlete known to win medals was suspected to have ambiguous genitalia. The case was diagnosed with testicular feminizing syndrome; what is the pathophysiology of this syndrome?
A. Low testosterone level
B. Lack of Androgen Receptors
C. 5 Alpha reductase Deficiency
B. Lack of Androgen Receptors
Which of the following is derived from the paramesonephric duct in a female embryo?
A. Ovary
B. Round ligament
C. Uterine tube
C. Uterine tube
What is the role of Dihydrotestosterone in male sex development?
A. Development of internal genitalia
B. Development of external genitalia
B. Development of external genitalia
Which of the following is a remnant of the distal part of gubernaculum?
A. Cardinal ligament B. Round ligament of uterus C. Broad ligament D. Ovarian ligament E. Suspensory ligament
B. Round ligament of uterus
Note: The proximal part of the gubernaculum gives the ovarian ligament
Which of the following is derived from persistent mesonephric tubules?
A. Efferent ductules
B. Paradydimis
C. Appendix of the epididymis
A. Efferent ductules
Note: The correct answer originally was efferent ductules, but paradydimis was counted correct as well (although it wasn’t mentioned in the note).
Which of the following is an indication of female development in tanner classification?
A. Breast size and shape
B. Ovarian growth
A. Breast size and shape
Endometrial biopsy on day 24 of a 28-day regular cycle showed round glands with dense stroma and no mitosis. What is the most appropriate condition based on this biopsy?
A. Anovulatory cycle
B. Earlysecretory
C. Proliferative endometrium
D. Late secretory
A. Anovulatory cycle
Note: Although taken past-expected ovulatory day, which is day 14, the endometrial biopsy doesn’t show any secretory changes; rather it shows proliferative changes due to unopposed estrogen effect, which means ovulation didn’t happen “anovulatory cycle”.
Choice C “proliferative endometrium” is not appropriate since it doesn’t denote the pathology.
Which structure might be injured during ligation of the uterine artery?
Ureter
Which artery gives testicular artery as a branch?
A. Abdominal aorta
B. Internal iliac artery
A. Abdominal aorta
Which of the following secretes nourishment for sperms?
Seminal vesicle
What is a contraindication for combined oral contraceptives?
A. Cerebrovascular problems
B. Uterine fibroids
C. Endometrial cancer
A. Cerebrovascular problems
Which drug is a Progesterone-receptor blocker that is used to induce abortion?
Mifepristone
Which drug is biotransformed into a metabolite that inhibits FSH?
A. Ethinyl estradiol
B. Mestranol
B. Mestranol
Note: Mestranol is a precursor of Ethinyl estradiol, which acts partly by inhibiting FSH release because it is an estrogen analogue.
Ligation of which of the following arteries would compromise the blood supply to the prostate gland?
A. Inferior vesical artery B. Superior vesical artery C. Umbilical artery D. Internal pudendal artery E. External iliac artery
A. Inferior vesical artery
A female gets her menses regularly every 35 days, on which day does she ovulate?
A. 14
B. 21
C. 24
B. 21
Note: The duration of the luteal phase is constant (14 days) so always subtract 14 from the duration of the menstrual cycle to get the day of ovulation.
Which artery gives a branch to supply the anterior scrotum?
A. External iliac
B. Internal iliac
C. Femoral
C. Femoral
Where does sperm storage and maturation take place?
A. Vas deferens
B. Epididymis
B. Epididymis
Through which of the following structures do ovarian vessels pass?
A. Suspensory ligament
B. Cardinal ligament
C. Ovarian ligament
A. Suspensory ligament
Who of the following has an abnormal menstrual period?
A. 40 year-old woman with 10-day period
B. A 20 year-old who Bleeds 75cc per cycle
C. A 13 year-old girl who gets her period every 30 days
A. 40 year-old woman with 10-day period
What is the mechanism of action of Northindrone as an oral contraceptive?
A. Blocks progesterone receptor
B. Enhances GR secretion
C. Increase sensitivity of pituitary gland
D. Thickens cervical mucosa
E. Increases or enhances follicular growth
D. Thickens cervical mucosa
Which of the following structures covers the fallopian tube?
A. Mesosalpinx
B. Broad ligament
A. Mesosalpinx
Note: The originally-correct answer was mesosalpinx because it is more specific, but after arguing, broad ligament was counted correct as well.
“Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1” is derived from which cytokine receptor?
A. TNF alpha
B. VEGF
B. VEGF
Which of the following acts as a decoy receptor for VEGF?
A. sFLT-1
B. TGFβ receptor
A. sFLT-1
Choose the correct sequence of events for each of the following processes: Sequence of implantation
A. Interaction-penetration-fusion
B. Apposition-adhesion-invasion
C. Adhesion-apposition-invasion
D. Spermatogenesis-capacitation-maturation
E. Spermatogenesis- maturation- capacitation
F. Penetration-interaction-fusion
B. Apposition-adhesion-invasion
Choose the correct sequence of events for each of the following processes: Sequence of fertilization
A. Interaction-penetration-fusion
B. Apposition-adhesion-invasion
C. Adhesion-apposition-invasion
D. Spermatogenesis-capacitation-maturation
E. Spermatogenesis- maturation- capacitation
F. Penetration-interaction-fusion
A. Interaction-penetration-fusion
Choose the correct sequence of events for each of the following processes: Sequence of sperm development
A. Interaction-penetration-fusion
B. Apposition-adhesion-invasion
C. Adhesion-apposition-invasion
D. Spermatogenesis-capacitation-maturation
E. Spermatogenesis- maturation- capacitation
F. Penetration-interaction-fusion
E. Spermatogenesis- maturation- capacitation
Which maternal condition causes the following problems in the fetus: Caudal regression
A. AIDS B. Syphilis C. Myasthenia gravis D. SLE E. Diabetes Mellitus F. Graves’ disease
E. Diabetes Mellitus
Which maternal condition causes the following problems in the fetus: Congenital heart block
A. AIDS B. Syphilis C. Myasthenia gravis D. SLE E. Diabetes Mellitus F. Graves’ disease
D. SLE
Which maternal condition causes the following problems in the fetus: Thyrotoxicosis
A. AIDS B. Syphilis C. Myasthenia gravis D. SLE E. Diabetes Mellitus F. Graves’ disease
F. Graves’ disease
Expression of what factor is regulated by LXR/RXR dimer?
A. Endoglin
B. Endothelin-1
A. Endoglin
Which of the following is the final common pathway in the development of pre-eclampsia?
A. Endoglin
B. TNFa
C. AT 1 AA
D. Endothelin-1
D. Endothelin-1
Which parameter is used to assess the amount of functional trophoblasts at early stages of pregnancy?
A. Chorionic gonadotropin
B. Inhibin A
C. Insulin like growth factor binding protein 1
D. Progesterone
A. Chorionic gonadotropin
Choose the most appropriate term to describe each of the following: Identical twins
A. Monochorionic Diamniotic
B. Dichorionic Monoamniotic
C. Monozygotic
D. Dizygotic
C. Monozygotic
Choose the most appropriate term to describe each of the following: Twins sharing the same placenta but have separate amniotic sacs
A. Monochorionic Diamniotic
B. Dichorionic Monoamniotic
C. Monozygotic
D. Dizygotic
A. Monochorionic Diamniotic
What is the function of the mitochondria in sperms?
A. Source of energy
B. Motility
C. Connects the head with tail
A. Source of energy
Resection of which of the following lymph nodes may injure the thoracodorsal nerve?
Subscapular lymph nodes