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SP MCAT Psych/Soc > Emotion > Flashcards

Emotion Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Emotion

A

natural instinctive state of mind derived from one’s circumstances, mood, or relationships with others

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2
Q

What are the 3 elements of emotion?

A
  1. Physiological response: arousal stimulated by autonomic NS; changes in heart rate, breathing rate, skin temp, BP
  2. Behavioral response: facial expressions and body language
  3. Cognitive response: subjective interpretation of the feeling being experienced; based on one’s memories from past and perception of cause of emotion
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3
Q

What are the 7 universal emotions?

A
  • happiness
  • sadness
  • contempt
  • surprise
  • fear
  • disgust
  • anger
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4
Q

James Lange Theory of Emotion

A
  • Physiological -> Emotion*
  • stimulus results in physiological arousal -> secondary response is emotion being labeled
  • stimulus -> nervous system arousal -> conscious emotion
  • requires connection between sympathetic NS and brain
  • asserts that emotional experience is primarily based on physiological arousal, and that each different physiological state is associated with an emotion
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5
Q

Example of James Lange Theory of Emotion

A

“I am angry because my skin is hot and my BP is high”

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6
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

A
  • Physiological = Emotion*
  • suggests that our physiological arousal and experience of emotion happen simultaneously and independently
  • action is secondary response to stimulus
  • person responds with an action after experiencing the emotion both mentally and physically
  • thalamus processes sensory information, sends it to the cortex and sympathetic NS
  • focuses on the central role of the hypothalamus in regulating emotions and is less specifically concerned with physiological cognition and activation
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7
Q

Example of Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

A

“I am afraid because I see a snake and my heart is racing”

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8
Q

What is one weakness of the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?

A

it fails to explain the vagus nerve conveying information from peripheral organs back to CNS

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9
Q

Schacter-Singer Theory of Emotion

A
  • Physiological + Cognitive -> Emotion*
  • also called cognitive arousal theory or two-factor theory
  • emotional experience is determined by one’s physiological state and the cognitive interpretation of that state
  • both arousal and labeling of arousal based on environment are required to feel emotion
  • to feel an emotion one must consciously analyze the environment in relation to NS arousal
  • stimulus -> nervous system arousal + cognitive appraisal -> conscious emotion
  • if one experiences physiological arousal without an explanation then they attribute arousal to surrounding environment
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10
Q

Example of Schacter-Singer Theory of Emotion

A

“I am excited because my heart is racing and everyone else is happy”

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11
Q

List the structures of the Limbic System involved in emotion

A
  • amygdala
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • hippocampus
  • temporal lobe
  • prefrontal cortex
  • ventral PFC
  • ventromedial PFC
  • autonomic NS
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12
Q

Emotional Memory

A
  • unconscious (implicit) memory
  • storage of the actual feelings of emotion associated with an event
  • determines expression of past emotions
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13
Q

What are the 8 primary emotions?

A
  • anticipation
  • joy
  • acceptance
  • fear
  • sadness
  • anger
  • disgust
  • surprise
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14
Q

Who defined the 8 primary emotions?

A

Plutchik

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15
Q

What is the general flow of the James-Lange Theory?

A

stimulation -> physiological response -> aware -> feel emotion

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16
Q

What is the general flow of the Cannon-Bard Theory?

A

stimulation -> transmission of stimulus to cortex -> feel emotion and arousal at the same time

17
Q

What is an issue with both the cannon-bard and james-lange theory?

A
  • Don’t talk about what happens when you are exercising – ex. when running and have increased heart rate don’t necessarily feel emotion
  • not emotion specific physiological changes
18
Q

What is the general flow of the Schacter-Singer Theory (Two Stage Theory)?

A

stimulus -> physiological change -> cognitively interpret the situation/check out environment in order to determine/interpret what emotion we are feeling -> emotion

19
Q

What is one criticism of the James-Lange Theory?

A
  • we will not feel any emotion if we don’t feel arousal NPR will we feel emotion if we are not aware of the arousal
  • ex. people that are paralyzed go against this theory
20
Q

Lazarus Theory of Emotion/Cognitive Appraisal

A
  • stimulus -> cognitive appraisal (interpretation) -> emotional and physiological arousal at the same time
  • explains why people could be in the same situations but feel different emotions in response to them
  • ex. rollercoasters – one person sees a rollercoaster (stimulus) and interprets it as fun and gets excited VS. person who see rollercoaster (stimulus) and interprets it as scary so is scared (fear) and starts to sweat
21
Q

we use the same ____ ____ for each emotion but the ____ in which we express emotions is not always the same across ____.

A
  • facial expressions
  • situation
  • cultures
22
Q

Catharsis Hypothesis

A
  • decrease the feeling of anger by releasing it through aggressive actions/fantasies
  • doesn’t actually decrease anger long-term and could even increase anger long-term
  • ONLY refers to anger
  • ex. punching a pillow
23
Q

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

A
  • not just info that comes from our brain to tell facial muscles what expression to make
  • muscles tensed/relaxed in each facial expression transmit info back to the brain about your emotional state too

SP MCAT Psych/Soc (29 decks)

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