Demographics

Question 1

Demographics

Answer 1

the statistics of populations

Question 2

What are common demographic categories?

Answer 2

• age
• gender
• race
• ethnicity
• sexual orientation
• immigration status

Question 3

What is the fastest age cohort in the US?

Answer 3

the 85-or-older group

Question 4

Ageism

Answer 4

• prejudice or discrimination on the basis of a person’s age
• seen at all ages
• Ex. young professionals seen as inexperienced sot heir opinions may be downplayed

Question 5

Gender

Answer 5

social construct that corresponds to the behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits typically associated with a biological sex

Question 6

Gender Inequality

Answer 6

the intentional or unintentional empowerment of one gender to the detriment of the other

Question 7

Gender Segregation

Answer 7

separation of individuals based on perceived gender

Question 8

Race

Answer 8

• social construct based on phenotypic differences between groups of people
• not strictly defined by genetics
• classifies individuals based on superficial traits like skin color

Question 9

Racialization

Answer 9

the definition or establishment of a group as a particular race

Question 10

Racial Formation Theory

Answer 10

posits that racial identity is fluid and dependent on concurrent political, economic, and social factors

Question 11

Ethnicity

Answer 11

• social construct

- sorts people by culture factors, including language, nationality, religion, etc

Question 12

Symbolic Ethnicity

Answer 12

• a specific connection to one’s ethnicity in which ethnic symbols and identity remain important even when ethnic identity does not play a significant role in everyday life
• Ex. Irish-American celebrate their ethnicity only one day a year (St. Patrick’s day)

Question 13

Sexual Orientation

Answer 13

• the direction of one’s sexual interest toward members fo the same, opposite, or both sexes
• 3 categories: heterosexual, bisexual, homosexual

Question 14

What is the most significant health disparity in the LGBT community?

Answer 14

HIV

Question 15

In the most recent census, where have the largest proportions of immigrants come from?

Answer 15

• Mexico
• Caribbean
• India

Question 16

Intersectionality

Answer 16

the interconnected nature of social categorizations as they apply to a given individual/group, especially when they lead to discrimination or oppression

Question 17

Demographic Shifts

Answer 17

changes in the makeup of a population over time

Question 18

Population Pyramids

Answer 18

provide a histogram of the population size of various age cohorts

Question 19

Fertility Rate

Answer 19

children per woman per lifetime

Question 20

Birth Rate

Answer 20

children per 1000 people per year

Question 21

Mortality Rate

Answer 21

deaths per 1000 people per year

Question 22

Migration Rate

Answer 22

immigration rate - emigration rate

Question 23

The US has larger net _____ than _____, driving an increase in population size

Answer 23

• immigration

- emigration

Question 24

What is true of the US population?

Answer 24

it is getting bigger, older (average age has increased), and more diverse (through immigration, mobility, and intermarriage)

Question 25

Pull Factors

Answer 25

• migration motive

- positive attributes of new location that attract the immigrant

Question 26

Push Factors

Answer 26

• migration motive

- negative attributes of the old location that encourage the immigrant to leave

Question 27

Demographic Transition

Answer 27

• specific example of demographic shift referring to changes in birth and death rates in a country as it develops from a preindustrial to industrial economic system
• divided into 4 stages

Question 28

Demographic Transition: Stage 1

Answer 28

• preindustrial society

- brith and death rates are both high

Question 29

Demographic Transition: Stage 2

Answer 29

• improvements in healthcare, nutrition, sanitation, and wages
• death rate drops
• birth rate stays high

Question 30

Demographic Transition: Stage 3

Answer 30

• improvements in contraception, women’s rights
• shift from agricultural to industrial economy
• birth rate drops
• children go to school to be productive in society and may need to be supported by parents for a longer period of time
• families have fewer children
• death rate continues to drop

Question 31

Demographic Transition: Stage 4

Answer 31

• industrialized society

- birth and death rates are both low

Question 32

Malthusian Theory

Answer 32

• focuses on how the exponential growth of a population can outpace growth of the food supply and lead to social degradation and disorder
• prediction that as third-world nations industrialize the pace at which the world population will grow is much faster than the ability to generate food and mass starvation will occur

Question 33

Social Movements

Answer 33

• organized to promote or resist social change
• motivated by perceived relative deprivation (decrease in resources, representation, or agency relative to the past or to the whole of society)

Question 34

Proactive

Answer 34

social movements that promote social change

Question 35

Reactive

Answer 35

social movements that resist social change

Question 36

Globalization

Answer 36

• process of integrating the global economy with free trade and the tapping of foreign markets
• leads to a decrease in geographical constraints on social and cultural exchanges

Question 37

Urbanization

Answer 37

• dense areas of population creating a pull for migration
• cities are formed as individuals move into and establish residency in these new urban centers
• more than half of the world’s population lives in urban centers

Question 38

Ghettoes

Answer 38

areas where specific racial, ethnic, or religious minorities are concentrated, usually due to social or economic inequities

Question 39

Slum

Answer 39

an extremely densely populated area of a city with low-quality, often informal housing and poor sanitation