Embryology (Clinical Correlations of Heart)

Question 1

Atrial Septal Defects

Answer 1

• “Hole in heart”
• Incomplete fussion of foramen ovale
• Allows blood to mix in heart

Question 2

Dextrocardia

Answer 2

• Heart is in the right side of thorax
• Associated with severe cardiac abnormalities and heterotaxy
• Can be accompanied by inversion of other viscera (doesn’t cause other cardiac abnormalities)

Question 3

Transposition of the Great Arteries

Answer 3

• “Blue babies”
• Common cause of cyanotic heart disease in newborns
• Aorticopulmonary septum grows in a stright line instead of a spiral
• Aorta arises from RV
• Pulmonary trunk arises from LV

Question 4

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 4

• Caused by abnormal neural crest cell migration
• Truncus arteriosus is not divided equally
• Pulmonary stenosis (small trunk)
• Overriding aorta (large aorta)
• Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Question 5

Persistant Truncus Arteriosus

Answer 5

• Caused by abnormal neural crest cell migration
• Partical development of AP septum
• Only one outflow path from ventricles

Question 6

VSD and Types

Answer 6

• Massive left to right shunt of blood causes pulmonary hypertension
  1. Membranous VSD
  2. Muscular VSD
  3. Common ventricle