Anatomy (Mediastinum)

Question 1

Muscular Sections of Esophagus

Answer 1

Superior - skeletal

Middle - skeletal & smooth

Inferior - smooth

Question 2

Esophagus Constriction Sites

Answer 2

• Junction with pharynx (C6)
• Crossed by aortic arch
• Crossed by left main bronchus
• Passes through diaphragm
• LA between diaphragm & main bronchus

Question 3

Esophageal Cancer Location

Answer 3

• Constriction sites

Question 4

Location of Vagus & Phrenic Nerves

Answer 4

Vagus - posterior to root of lungs

Phrenic - anterior to root of lungs

Question 5

What nerves control voice?

Answer 5

• Recurrent laryngeal branches of vagus nerves

Question 6

Vagus Nerves Send What Fibers Where?

Answer 6

• Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the esophageal, pulmonary, & cardiac plexi

Question 7

Type of Nerve Fibers In The Esophageal Plexus?

Answer 7

• Pre & Postganglionic

Question 8

Type of Nerve Fibers In The Pulmonary Plexus?

Answer 8

• Postganglionic

Question 9

Type of Nerve Fibers In The Cardiac Plexus?

Answer 9

• Postganglionic

Question 10

Left vs Right Vagus Nerves As They Pass Through The Diaphragm With The Esophagus?

Answer 10

Left - Anterior trunk

Right - Posterior trunk

Question 11

Azygos System

Answer 11

• Connects IVC & SVC as an alternate route of venous return to heart in case an enlagred liver closes off main route

Question 12

Cisterna Chyli

Answer 12

• Thoarcic duct anterior to L1-L2 vertebra

Question 13

Thoracic vs Right Lymphatic Duct

Answer 13

Thoracic - drains majority of body & empties into junction of left subclavian and left internal jugular veins

Right Lymphatic - drains right upper extremity, right side of head, and right side of thorax & empties into junction of right sunclavian and right internal jugular veins

Question 14

Superficial Lymphatic Vessel Drainage & Associated Nodes?

Answer 14

Drainage - skin & superficial fascia (including mammary galnds)

Nodes - axillary, parasternal, & intercostal

Question 15

Deep Lymphatic Vessel Drainage & Associated Nodes?

Answer 15

Drain - thoracic muscles & body wall

Nodes - axillary & parietal (parasternal, intercostal, & diaphragmatic)

Question 16

Anterior Mediastinal Node Drainage (3)

Answer 16

Drain heart, pericardium & thymus into right & left bronchomediastinal trunks

Question 17

Posterior Mediastinal Nodes Drainage (3)

Answer 17

Drain esopagus, pericadrium, & diaphragm into thoracic duct

Question 18

Tracheobronchial Nodes

Answer 18

Drain surrounding sturctures into right & left bronchomediastinal trunks

Question 19

Three Visceral Nodes

Answer 19

1. Anterior mediastinal nodes
2. Posterior mediastinal nodes
3. Tracheobronchial nodes

Question 20

Lymphatic-Like Vessel Locations

Answer 20

1. CNS
2. Meninges
3. Eye

Question 21

Superior Mediastinum (13)

Answer 21

• aortic arch, brachicephalic, left common carotid, & left subclavian artery
• brachiocephalic veins & superior half of superior vena cava
• vagus, phrenic, & left recurrent laryngeal nerves
• esophagus, trachea, thoracic duct, & thymus

Question 22

Anterior Mediastinum

Answer 22

• Between sternum & anterior pericardial sac
• Parts of thymus in infants

Question 23

Middle Mediastinum (8)

Answer 23

• heart
• pericardial sac
• ascending aorta
• inferior half of superior vena cava
• termination of azygos vein
• pulmonary trunk and its major vessels
• pulmonary veins
• phrenic nerves

Question 24

Posterior Mediastinum (9)

Answer 24

• birfurcation of trachea & primary bronchi
• descending aorta
• esophagus
• azygos & hemiazygos veins
• thoracic duct
• vagus & splanchnic nerves
• sympathetic chain