Embryology Flashcards
how does ectodermal proliferation start
once the notochord is formed, situated in the mesoderm, the cells start to release growth factors and this is called ectodermal proliferation
what does ectodermal proliferation lead to
thickening of the ectoderm in the centre which is called the neural plate
what happens after the ectoderm thickens
the edges of the neural plate come towards the centre and the centre starts pulling down. leads to folding of the neural plate
what is the top part of the neural plate called when it folds
the folds
what is the bottom part of the neural plate called when it starts to fold
the neural groove
when do you start seeing formation of the neural plate
day 17
when do you start seeing neural folds, groove, and differentiation into neural crest cells
day 18
where are the fused neural folds located
the mesoderm.
where are the neural crest cells located
where the neural folds have fused
when is the neural tube completely formed
day 21
what is folate needed for in this process
for the anterior and posterior neural pores at the cranial and caudal ends to close
how many mg of folate do you need per day
3-5mg
when do the anterior neural pore close
day 24
when does the posterior neural pore close
DAY 26
what does vesiculation include
creating three bulges, going from the cranial to caudal ends
what are the three bulges in order
- prosencephalon
- mesencephalon
- rhombencephalon
what are the three bulges?
primary vesicles that proliferate and form more vesicles
what does the prosencephalon split into
- telencephalon
- diencephalon
what do the telencephalon and diencephalon become
telencephalon: cerebrum
diencephalon: thalamus and hypothalamus
what happens to the mesencephalon
stays the same - doesn’t separate
what does the mesencephalon become
the midbrain
what does the rhombencephalon become
- metencephalon
- myelencephalon
- spinal cord
what do the metencephalon and myelencephalon become
metencephalon: pons and cerebellum
myelencephalon: medulla
what three layers is the caudal portion of the neural tube made up of
- marginal zone - neurones start forming
- mantle zone - neuroblasts
- neuroepithelial zone - proliferate into neuroblasts
what is the innermost layer
the neuroepithelial layer
what do the cells become at the dorsal end
the alar plate
what do the cells become at the ventral end
the basal plate
what will the alar plate become
the posterior grey horn
what does the posterior grey horn form
sensory neurones
what will the basal plate become
the ventral grey horn
what does the ventral grey horn form
motor neurones
what does the middle part become
the spinal cord which has CSF
