Case 7 - histology Flashcards
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what are features of cartilage
firm but flexible, semi-rigid, bears mechanical stress without permanent distortion
what are functions of cartilage
framework in the respiratory tract
shock absorption and facilitation of joint movement
covers articular surfaces
development of long bones
what cells does cartilage consist of
chondrogenic cells
chondroblasts
chondrocytes
what is most cartilage surrounded by
perichondrium
what is cartilage in terms of vascular supply
avascular
what are the three types of cartilage
hyaline
elastic
fibrous
what two types of growth does cartilage use
appositional
interstitial
what is the most common form of cartilage in the body
hyaline cartilage
what are the functions of hyaline cartilage
provides structural support for the respiratory system
forms a smooth surface at joints to enable free movement
involved In the development and growth of long bones
how does the extracellular matrix appear
smooth and glassy as the fibres and ground substance are of similar refractive properties
what does hyaline cartage contain
type II collagen fibres
where are chondrocytes located
the lacunae
what does hyaline cartilage possess
a perichondrium
how do the chondrocytes appear in areas where interstitial growth is occurring
clusters termed isogenous grousp
what is the function of elastic cartilage
provides elasticity and firm support
what does elastic cartilage contain
type II collagen fibres plus numerous elastic fibres in the matrix
does elastic cartilage possess a perichondrium
yes
where is fibrocartilage located
where support and tensile strength are required
what is fibrocartilage resistant to
tearing and compression and provides straight and resilience
what does the matrix of fibrocartilage contain
contains type II colagen fibres and large bundles of type I collagen fibres
consists of alternating layers of hyaline cartilage matrix and thick layers of dense collagen fibres
features of the chondrocytes
are small and few and arranged in parallel rows
is there a perichondrium in fibrocartilage
no
what is the organic component of bone
osteoid - glycoprotein grond substance with type I collagen fibres
strong, flexible but easily compressed
inorganic component of bone
mineral salts mainly calcium hydroxyapatite
hard, relatively inflexible and quite brittle
what do osteoblasts do
produce new bone; secrete osteoid and responsible for mineral deposition
what do osteocytes to
mature bone cells; located in lacunae within the bone. maintain the matrix
what do the osteoclasts do
remove mineral from the matrix, respobslbek for bone remodelling
what are oteogenic stem cells
found in periosteum and endostreum. develop into osteoblasts
what two types of tissue does bone consist of
compact bone
cancellous spiny bone
features of compact bone
structured to resist stress
basically functional unit is the osteon or Haversian system
feature of the osteons
aligned In the same direction to increase unidirectional strength
what does continuous resorption and predepostion result in
new Haversian systems being found amongst partially resorbed systems. the remnants of the partially resorbed systems form interstitial lamellae
what is the circumferential lamellae
the lamellar bone that surrounds the outside of the bone
where do blood vessels from the periosteum enter through
volkmann canal and communicate with the vessels in the Haversian canal
how is the trabeculae in cancellous bone arranged
Haphazardly to form a network of interconnecting struts designed to provide maximum strength for minimum mass
what do the spaces between the trabeculae contain
bone marrow
where do osteocytes lie
in the lacunae near the surfacer of the trabeculae
how are trabeculae orientated
along the lines of stress
