Case 7 - histology

Question 1

for pictures and examples

Answer 1

go to main notes pls

Question 2

what are features of cartilage

Answer 2

firm but flexible, semi-rigid, bears mechanical stress without permanent distortion

Question 3

what are functions of cartilage

Answer 3

framework in the respiratory tract
shock absorption and facilitation of joint movement
covers articular surfaces
development of long bones

Question 4

what cells does cartilage consist of

Answer 4

chondrogenic cells
chondroblasts
chondrocytes

Question 5

what is most cartilage surrounded by

Answer 5

perichondrium

Question 6

what is cartilage in terms of vascular supply

Answer 6

avascular

Question 7

what are the three types of cartilage

Answer 7

hyaline
elastic
fibrous

Question 8

what two types of growth does cartilage use

Answer 8

appositional
interstitial

Question 9

what is the most common form of cartilage in the body

Answer 9

hyaline cartilage

Question 10

what are the functions of hyaline cartilage

Answer 10

provides structural support for the respiratory system
forms a smooth surface at joints to enable free movement
involved In the development and growth of long bones

Question 11

how does the extracellular matrix appear

Answer 11

smooth and glassy as the fibres and ground substance are of similar refractive properties

Question 12

what does hyaline cartage contain

Answer 12

type II collagen fibres

Question 13

where are chondrocytes located

Answer 13

the lacunae

Question 14

what does hyaline cartilage possess

Answer 14

a perichondrium

Question 15

how do the chondrocytes appear in areas where interstitial growth is occurring

Answer 15

clusters termed isogenous grousp

Question 16

what is the function of elastic cartilage

Answer 16

provides elasticity and firm support

Question 17

what does elastic cartilage contain

Answer 17

type II collagen fibres plus numerous elastic fibres in the matrix

Question 18

does elastic cartilage possess a perichondrium

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

where is fibrocartilage located

Answer 19

where support and tensile strength are required

Question 20

what is fibrocartilage resistant to

Answer 20

tearing and compression and provides straight and resilience

Question 21

what does the matrix of fibrocartilage contain

Answer 21

contains type II colagen fibres and large bundles of type I collagen fibres

consists of alternating layers of hyaline cartilage matrix and thick layers of dense collagen fibres

Question 22

features of the chondrocytes

Answer 22

are small and few and arranged in parallel rows

Question 23

is there a perichondrium in fibrocartilage

Answer 23

no

Question 24

what is the organic component of bone

Answer 24

osteoid - glycoprotein grond substance with type I collagen fibres

strong, flexible but easily compressed

Question 25

inorganic component of bone

Answer 25

mineral salts mainly calcium hydroxyapatite

hard, relatively inflexible and quite brittle

Question 26

what do osteoblasts do

Answer 26

produce new bone; secrete osteoid and responsible for mineral deposition

Question 27

what do osteocytes to

Answer 27

mature bone cells; located in lacunae within the bone. maintain the matrix

Question 28

what do the osteoclasts do

Answer 28

remove mineral from the matrix, respobslbek for bone remodelling

Question 29

what are oteogenic stem cells

Answer 29

found in periosteum and endostreum. develop into osteoblasts

Question 30

what two types of tissue does bone consist of

Answer 30

compact bone
cancellous spiny bone

Question 31

features of compact bone

Answer 31

structured to resist stress

basically functional unit is the osteon or Haversian system

Question 32

feature of the osteons

Answer 32

aligned In the same direction to increase unidirectional strength

Question 33

what does continuous resorption and predepostion result in

Answer 33

new Haversian systems being found amongst partially resorbed systems. the remnants of the partially resorbed systems form interstitial lamellae

Question 34

what is the circumferential lamellae

Answer 34

the lamellar bone that surrounds the outside of the bone

Question 35

where do blood vessels from the periosteum enter through

Answer 35

volkmann canal and communicate with the vessels in the Haversian canal

Question 36

how is the trabeculae in cancellous bone arranged

Answer 36

Haphazardly to form a network of interconnecting struts designed to provide maximum strength for minimum mass

Question 37

what do the spaces between the trabeculae contain

Answer 37

bone marrow

Question 38

where do osteocytes lie

Answer 38

in the lacunae near the surfacer of the trabeculae

Question 39

how are trabeculae orientated

Answer 39

along the lines of stress