Case 2 - Addiction Flashcards
what is drug abuse
substance used in a manner that does not conform to social norms. can be abuse of drugs without being dependent or addicted
what is drug dependence
individual depends on a drug for normal psychological functioning. abstinence produced physical withdrawal reactions
drug dependence (psychological)
acquiring and using drug are string movtivators of behaviour. compulsive use
what is drug addiction
not a clinical diagnosis. typically use to emphasise psychological dependence. idea that people can be physically dependent but not addicted
clinical term for drug addiction
substance use disorder
how to diagnose someone with substance use disorder
tolerance
Withdrawal
Continuing to use despite negative personal consequences
Repeatedly unable to carry out major obligations
Recurrent use in physically hazardous situations
Continued use despite persistent or recurring social or interpersonal problems
Using greater amount or using over a longer period of time that intended
Persistent desire or successful efforts to cut down
Spending a lot of tine obtaining, using or recovering
Stopping or reducing important social, occupational or recreational activities
Consistent use despite persistent or recurrent physical or psychological difficulties
Craving or a strong desire to use
2-3: mild
4-5: moderate
6-7: severe
where is brain stimulation
the medial forebrain bundle
what do drugs of abuse increase
dopamine levels in nucleus accumbens
how does cocaine stimulate the dopamine receptor
the dopamine stimulate affects the receptor directly. it blocks the transporter therefore increasing dopamine levels as dopamine isn’t getting recycled
what is tolerance
diminished response to the drug - decreased effect or need more for same effect. changes in endogenous dopamine release. decreased receptors, receptor desensitisation and down regulation. need more drug to release same amount of dopamine and get the same ‘high’
what is withdrawal
normal function needs the drug. sudden cessation produces symptoms resulting from neurochemical cascade. changes to release and receptors mean that functioning depends on exogenous dopamine. without eternal stimulation, normal function is compromised.
diagram explaining normal, acute, chronic and withdrawal from cocaine
how can people become dependent
by the genetic x environment interaction and therefore develop dependence
what is the acute clinical management of addiction
management of withdrawal
what is the medium term management of addiction
harm reduction; long term substitution
