Electro Flashcards
Rheobase normal values (2)
2-18 mA
5-35 V
chronaxie normal
<1 ms
polar formula
CCC > ACC > AOC > COC
other names for polar formula
erb’s law, pleuger’s law
dubois reymond’s law
to electrically stimulate a nerve, there must be a sudden change in stimulus intensity
LFC frequency
1-1000 Hz / 1000-2000 Hz
ES can stimulate
LFC: sensory nerve, innervated and denervated ms
MFC: cannot denervated
HFC: none; deep heating
cathode characteristics (8)
alkalinic, sclerolytic, tissue softening, inc NCV, red, inc risk for burns depolarization, tiny rapid gas bubbles,
anode characteristics
acidic, sclerotic, tissue hardening, dec NCV, dec risk for burns, pinkish, hyperpolarization, slow large gas bubbles
anion medication, purposes (7)
NaCl - adhesion
Salicylic acid - pain and inflammation
Dexamethasone - inflammation
Iodide - wound and keloid
Acetic acid - calcium deposits
Water - hyperhidrosis
Brass - metal poisoning
cation medication, purposes (9)
magnesium, calcium - ms spasm
hydrocortisone - inflammation
copper sulfate - fungal infection
renotin - adhesions
lidocaine - pain
vinca alkaloid - neuropraxia (tic douloureux)
zinc sulfate - ulcer
hyaluronidase - edema
mecholyl - scleroderma
anion, adhesions
NaCL
cation, adhesions
renotin
anion, pain and inflammation
salicylic acid
anion, inflammation
dexamethasone
cation, pain
lidocaine
anion, hyperhidrosis
water
anion, metal poisoning
brass
anion, wound and keloid
iodide
anion, calcium deposits
acetic acid
cation, scleroderma
mecholyl
cation, fungal infection
copper sulfate
cation, zinc sulfate
ulcer
cation, inflammation
hydrocortisone
Short DIC (pulse duration, frequency, sensation, motor, indication)
0.002-1ms
50-70Hz
tingling
tetanic contraction
innervated ms
cation, edema
hyaluronidase
long DIC, EPC (frequency, sensation, motor, indication)
5-10Hz
none
slow, sluggish
denervated ms
long DIC pulse duration
1-800ms
EPC pulse duration
1000-2000ms
faradic and sinusoidal AC (duration, frequency, sensation, motor, indication)
50Hz
tingling
tetanic ms contraction
innervated ms
faradic pulse duration
1ms (0.001 s)
sinusoidal PD
10ms
partial reaction of degeneration
faradic: nerve and ms dec
galvanic: nerve dec, ms inc
full reaction of degeneration
faradic: nerve and ms (-)
galvanic: nerve (-), slow, sluggish ms
absolute reaction of degeneration
faradic: nerve and ms (-)
galvanic: nerve and ms (-)
conventional TENS (PD, freq, duration, effect, indication)
50-100 ms
50-80 pps
20-60 min
temporary
acute-chronic sensory
acupuncture TENS (PD, freq, duration, effect, indication)
150-300 ms
1-5 pps
30-40 min
long lasting
acute motor
burst TENS (PD, freq, duration, effect, indication)
50-200 ms
50-100 pps
20-30 min
long lasting
diffused
brief intense (PD, freq, duration, effect, indication)
50-250 ms
80-150 pps
15 min
temporary
painful procedure
hyper stimulation (PD, freq, duration, effect, indication)
150-300 ms
1-5 pps
15 min
long-lasting
MPS
muscle reeducation ES waveform
asymmetric/symmetric biphasic 200-500ms
muscle reeducation ES PR
> 60 pps
muscle reeducation ES SA
Max tolerable
muscle reeducation ES DC
1:1
muscle reeducation ES duration
15 mins
ms integrity/atrophy waveform (2)
20-300ms mono/biphasic
2500Hz in 50 bursts
ms integrity/atrophy PR
> 40 pps
ms integrity/atrophy SA
max tol