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Electro Flashcards

1
Q

Rheobase normal values (2)

A

2-18 mA
5-35 V

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2
Q

chronaxie normal

A

<1 ms

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3
Q

polar formula

A

CCC > ACC > AOC > COC

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4
Q

other names for polar formula

A

erb’s law, pleuger’s law

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5
Q

dubois reymond’s law

A

to electrically stimulate a nerve, there must be a sudden change in stimulus intensity

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6
Q

LFC frequency

A

1-1000 Hz / 1000-2000 Hz

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7
Q

ES can stimulate

A

LFC: sensory nerve, innervated and denervated ms
MFC: cannot denervated
HFC: none; deep heating

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8
Q

cathode characteristics (8)

A

alkalinic, sclerolytic, tissue softening, inc NCV, red, inc risk for burns depolarization, tiny rapid gas bubbles,

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9
Q

anode characteristics

A

acidic, sclerotic, tissue hardening, dec NCV, dec risk for burns, pinkish, hyperpolarization, slow large gas bubbles

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10
Q

anion medication, purposes (7)

A

NaCl - adhesion
Salicylic acid - pain and inflammation
Dexamethasone - inflammation
Iodide - wound and keloid
Acetic acid - calcium deposits
Water - hyperhidrosis
Brass - metal poisoning

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11
Q

cation medication, purposes (9)

A

magnesium, calcium - ms spasm
hydrocortisone - inflammation
copper sulfate - fungal infection
renotin - adhesions
lidocaine - pain
vinca alkaloid - neuropraxia (tic douloureux)
zinc sulfate - ulcer
hyaluronidase - edema
mecholyl - scleroderma

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12
Q

anion, adhesions

A

NaCL

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13
Q

cation, adhesions

A

renotin

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14
Q

anion, pain and inflammation

A

salicylic acid

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15
Q

anion, inflammation

A

dexamethasone

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16
Q

cation, pain

A

lidocaine

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17
Q

anion, hyperhidrosis

A

water

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18
Q

anion, metal poisoning

A

brass

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19
Q

anion, wound and keloid

A

iodide

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20
Q

anion, calcium deposits

A

acetic acid

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21
Q

cation, scleroderma

A

mecholyl

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22
Q

cation, fungal infection

A

copper sulfate

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23
Q

cation, zinc sulfate

A

ulcer

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24
Q

cation, inflammation

A

hydrocortisone

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25
Q

Short DIC (pulse duration, frequency, sensation, motor, indication)

A

0.002-1ms
50-70Hz
tingling
tetanic contraction
innervated ms

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26
Q

cation, edema

A

hyaluronidase

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27
Q

long DIC, EPC (frequency, sensation, motor, indication)

A

5-10Hz
none
slow, sluggish
denervated ms

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28
Q

long DIC pulse duration

A

1-800ms

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29
Q

EPC pulse duration

A

1000-2000ms

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30
Q

faradic and sinusoidal AC (duration, frequency, sensation, motor, indication)

A

50Hz
tingling
tetanic ms contraction
innervated ms

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31
Q

faradic pulse duration

A

1ms (0.001 s)

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32
Q

sinusoidal PD

A

10ms

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33
Q

partial reaction of degeneration

A

faradic: nerve and ms dec
galvanic: nerve dec, ms inc

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34
Q

full reaction of degeneration

A

faradic: nerve and ms (-)
galvanic: nerve (-), slow, sluggish ms

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35
Q

absolute reaction of degeneration

A

faradic: nerve and ms (-)
galvanic: nerve and ms (-)

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36
Q

conventional TENS (PD, freq, duration, effect, indication)

A

50-100 ms
50-80 pps
20-60 min
temporary
acute-chronic sensory

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37
Q

acupuncture TENS (PD, freq, duration, effect, indication)

A

150-300 ms
1-5 pps
30-40 min
long lasting
acute motor

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38
Q

burst TENS (PD, freq, duration, effect, indication)

A

50-200 ms
50-100 pps
20-30 min
long lasting
diffused

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39
Q

brief intense (PD, freq, duration, effect, indication)

A

50-250 ms
80-150 pps
15 min
temporary
painful procedure

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40
Q

hyper stimulation (PD, freq, duration, effect, indication)

A

150-300 ms
1-5 pps
15 min
long-lasting
MPS

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41
Q

muscle reeducation ES waveform

A

asymmetric/symmetric biphasic 200-500ms

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42
Q

muscle reeducation ES PR

A

> 60 pps

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43
Q

muscle reeducation ES SA

A

Max tolerable

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44
Q

muscle reeducation ES DC

A

1:1

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45
Q

muscle reeducation ES duration

A

15 mins

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46
Q

ms integrity/atrophy waveform (2)

A

20-300ms mono/biphasic
2500Hz in 50 bursts

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47
Q

ms integrity/atrophy PR

A

> 40 pps

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48
Q

ms integrity/atrophy SA

A

max tol

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49
Q

ms integrity/atrophy modulation

A

smooth and gradual contraction

50
Q

ms integrity/atrophy DC

51
Q

ms integrity/atrophy duration

52
Q

idiopathic scoliosis waveform

A

rectangular monophasic 220 ms

53
Q

idiopathic scoliosis PR

54
Q

idiopathic scoliosis SA

55
Q

idiopathic scoliosis DC

56
Q

idiopathic scoliosis duration

A

gradual to 8hrs

57
Q

spasticity direct stimulation

A

same as muscle reeduc

58
Q

spasticity antagonist waveform

A

monophasic/biphasic 200-500ms

59
Q

spasticity antagonist PR

60
Q

spasticity antagonist SA

61
Q

spasticity antagonist duration

A

15-20 mins

62
Q

spasticity antagonist DC

A

1:1 to 1:5

63
Q

spasticity reciprocal stim waveform

A

monophasic/biphasic 300ms

64
Q

spasticity reciprocal stim PR

65
Q

spasticity reciprocal stim SA

66
Q

spasticity reciprocal stim DC

67
Q

spasticity reciprocal stim duration

A

15-20 mins

68
Q

ms spasm intermittent stimulation waveform

A

biphasic 300 ms

69
Q

ms spasm intermittent stimulation PR

70
Q

ms spasm intermittent stimulation SA

A

comfortable ms contraction

71
Q

ms spasm intermittent stimulation modulation

72
Q

ms spasm intermittent stimulation DC

73
Q

ms spasm intermittent stimulation duration

A

15-20 mins

74
Q

ms spasm high frequency stimulation waveform

A

monophasic/biphasic 200-300ms

75
Q

ms spasm high frequency stimulation PR

76
Q

ms spasm high frequency stimulation SA

77
Q

ms spasm high frequency stimulation DC

78
Q

ms spasm high frequency stimulation modulation

A

continuous

79
Q

ms spasm high frequency stimulation duration

A

15-20 mins

80
Q

edema waveform

A

monophasic HVPC, asymmetrical/symmetrical biphasic 200-500 ms

81
Q

edema PR

82
Q

edema SA

83
Q

edema DC

84
Q

edema duration

A

20-30 mins

85
Q

tissue healing low amplitude cont unidirectional stim waveform

A

continuous unidirectional current (ionto)

86
Q

tissue healing low amplitude cont unidirectional stim SA

A

low 200-1000mA

87
Q

tissue healing low amplitude cont unidirectional stim duration

88
Q

tissue healing monophasic short duration c HVPC waveform

A

monophasic

89
Q

tissue healing monophasic short duration c HVPC PR

A

85-105 pps

90
Q

tissue healing monophasic short duration c HVPC SA

A

subthreshold motor level stim

91
Q

tissue healing monophasic short duration c HVPC duration

A

30-60 mins

92
Q

acceptable BNUR

93
Q

intensity for acute, sub acute, chronic, pedia/geria

A

acute: 0.1-0.5 w/cm2
sub acute 0.5-1.0 w/cm2
chronic 1.0-2.0 w/cm2
pedia/geria: 0.75 w/cm2

94
Q

circular US movement

A

2-3s/cycle

95
Q

parallel US mvmt

96
Q

CI for US

A

TIPPCarGoDVa
tumor, impaired sensation, pacemaker, pregnancy, carotid sinus, growing endplate, DVT, vital organs

97
Q

SWD frequency and wavelength

A

13.56 MHz = 22m
27.12 MHz = 11 m
40.68 MHz = 7m

98
Q

CI for SWD and MWD

A

MAPEH
metal implants, acute infection/condition, pregnancy, edema, hemorrhage

99
Q

MWD (microthermy) frequency and wavelength

A

2450 - 122.5
915-433.9 - 330

100
Q

IRR types, other name, wavelength, penetration

A

IRR A - short IRR - 770-4k - 1-3mm
IRR B - long IRR - 4k-15k - 0.5-1mm
IRR C - very long IRR - >15k - several micrometers

101
Q

luminous IRR characteristics (5)

A

short IRR, hot and glowing, tungsten and carbon filaments, deeper structures, 18-24” away

102
Q

non-luminous IRR (5)

A

long IRR, needs 5 mins to preheat, resistant wires, superficial structures29-36” away

103
Q

IRR CI

A

FUSI-TEX
fungal infection, unreliable pts, skin infection, impaired sensation, topical cream application, eyes, after x-ray

104
Q

UV types, other name, wavelength, penetration

A

UV A - long UVR - 290-400
UV B - short UVR 180-290
UV C - very short UVRR < 180
all: penetration = 2cm

105
Q

UVR local effect (5)

A

pigs grow and eat dumplings

pigmentation
growth of epithelial cells
antibiotic
erythema
desquamation

106
Q

UVR generalized effect (3)

A

FEN
formation of vit D
esophylactic effect
natural protection against UVR

107
Q

UVR adverse effects (3)

A

burn
cancer
eye damage

108
Q

dosimetry measurements
E1 prog, E2 & prog, E3 & prog, E4

A

E1 prog = 25% of E1 + E1
E2 = E1 x 2.5
E2 prog = 50% of E2 + E2
E3 = E1 x 5
E3 prog = 75% of E3 + E3
E4 = E1 x 10

109
Q

E1 (appear, disappear, desquamation, pigmentation, characteristic, TBS, frequency)

A

6-8hrs, 1 day, p repeated exposure, p repeated exposure, mild erythema, whole, daily

110
Q

E2 (appear, disappear, desquamation, pigmentation, characteristic, TBS, frequency)

A

4-6 hrs, 2 days, powdery, definitely, mild sunburn, 20%, every 2 days

111
Q

E3 (appear, disappear, desquamation, pigmentation, characteristic, TBS, frequency)

A

2-4 hrs, 3 days, marked skin peeling, marked, moderate sunburn, 250cm2, 2x/wk

112
Q

UVR dosage for acne, different regions (3)

A

E1 = face
E1, E2 = chest, neck
E3 = shoulder, back

113
Q

E4 (appear, disappear, desquamation, pigmentation, characteristic, TBS, frequency)

A

2-4 hrs, p several weeks, –, –, blister, 25cm2, once wound heals first

114
Q

Psoriasis tx UVR (2)

A

leeds regimen - coal tar bath + E1
PUVA - psoralen + UVA

115
Q

CI for UVR

A

her dear friend took photo inside dubai mall

hypersensitivity to sunlight, dermatologic conditions (SLE), febrile, TB, photosensitivity, impaired sensation, deep x-ray, malignancy

116
Q

LASER meaning

A

light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

117
Q

Laser types, power, hazards (5)

A

1 - 0.5mw - no hazards
2 - 1 mw - safe for momentary view
3a - 5mw - laser point; eye damage p prolonged exposure
3b - 500mw - therapeutic laser, eye damage p brief exposure
4 - >500 mw - surgical/industrial

118
Q

laser agents, indications (3)

A

HeNe (helium, neon)
- red visible light, superficial structures

GaAs (gallium, arsenide)
- IRR + invisible light
- deep structures

GaAlAs (gallium, aluminum, arsenide)
- CTS

119
Q

laser indication (5)

A

soft tissue healing, bone healing, neuropathy, lymphedema, pain

120
Q

russian currents DC
(strength, ms fatigue, inc ROM, edema)

A

strength: 1:5
ms fatigue: 5:1
inc ROM: 2:5
edema: 1:1

BOARDS (20 decks)

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