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BOARDS > Cardio Conditions > Flashcards

Cardio Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Chest pain increases in severity, refractory in nature

A

Unstable angina

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2
Q

Condition wherein coronary artery has vasospasms

A

Prinzmetal Angina

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3
Q

The increased fluid in the lungs produces the two hallmark pulmonary signs of left sided heart failure

A

SOB, cough

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4
Q

Increased pressure within the pulmonary artery subsequently increases the afterload. Thereby, placing greater demands on the RV and causing it to go into failure.

True or False on each statement

A

Both True

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5
Q

Involves narrowing of a heart valve limiting the flow of blood through the valve.

a. Prolapse
b. Stenosis
c. Regurgitation
d. AOTA

A

b. Stenosis

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6
Q

Involves enlarged valve cusps that become floppy and bulge backward

a. Prolapse
b. Stenosis
c. Regurgitation
d. AOTA

A

a. Prolapse

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7
Q

Refers to the backward and forward movement of blood resulting from incompetent valve closure

a. Prolapse
b. Stenosis
c. Regurgitation
d. AOTA

A

c. Regurgitation

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8
Q

Patient A ( low risk and uncomplicated) has a resting HR of 65 beats per min (bpm) and achieves a maximum HR of 160bpm during an ECG exercise test. The intensity of training following assessment has been set at 50-70% of HRR.

a. 10-112
b. 12-131
c. 112-131
d. 90-112

A

c. 112-131

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9
Q

It results from a sudden decrease in coronary perfusion or an increase in myocardial oxygen demand without adequate blood supply.

a. MI
b. Pericarditis
c. CHF
d. ASD

A

a. MI

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10
Q

A patient was diagnosed to have a Mitral Valve Insufficiency. Which of the following best explains this valvular disease?

a. Blood passes with difficulty from LA to LV
b. Blood passes with difficulty from LV to LA
c. Sudden backflow of blood from LA to LV
d. Sudden backflow of blood from LV to LA

A

d. Sudden backflow of blood from LV to LA

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11
Q

Which of the following describes Ventricular Septal Defect?

a. abnormal opening in the atrial septum allows shunting of oxygenated blood from left atrium to mix with unoxygenated blood in right atrium.
b. abnormal opening in the ventricular septum allows shunting of oxygenated blood from right ventricle to mix with unoxygenated blood in left ventricle.
c. abnormal opening in the atrial septum allows shunting of oxygenated blood from right atrium to mix with unoxygenated blood in left atrium.
d. abnormal opening in the ventricular septum allows shunting of oxygenated blood from left ventricle to mix with unoxygenated blood in right ventricle.

A

d. abnormal opening in the ventricular septum allows shunting of oxygenated blood from left ventricle to mix with unoxygenated blood in right ventricle.

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12
Q

A patient with RV failure shows that blood is not effectively ejected from the RV and backs up in to the RA and venous vasculature. What are the verifying symptoms for a right sided heart failure?

a. Odynophagia, achalasia, bloody stool
b. Numbness, paresthesia, tetany
c. peripheral signs such as jugular venous distention and peripheral edema.
d. High grade fever, nausea, jaundice

A

c. peripheral signs such as jugular venous distention and peripheral edema.

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13
Q

A patient is diagnosed to have a CHF. Which of the following best describes this condition?

a. the heart is able to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body (determined as oxygen consumption) at rest or during exercise, even though filling pressures are adequate.
b. the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body (determined as oxygen consumption) at rest or during exercise, even though filling pressures are adequate.
c. Inflammation of the pericardium that leads to a decrease in the pericardial fluid
d. Inflammation of the pericardium that leads to an increase in the pericardial fluid

A

b. the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body (determined as oxygen consumption) at rest or during exercise, even though filling pressures are adequate.

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14
Q

A 47yo male patient was rushed in the hospital due to increasing pain in the chest, shortness of breath, pallor, weakness, numbness and feeling of faintness. Blood works shows that there is an increase of CK-MB, Troponin I, CPK. ECG shows that there is an ST seg elevation. Based on the evaluation above, the patient is suffering from what condition?
a. MI
b. CHF
c. Pericarditis
d. Patent ductus arteriosus

A

a. MI

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15
Q

A 37 yo male patient has unstable angina. His discomfort is unrelieved by rest or nitrates. What should the therapist expect when it comes to the duration of this angina?

a. May last for up to 20 to 30 mins
b. May last for 5 mins only
c. May last for 10 to 15 mins
d. May last for 1 to 5 mins

A

a. May last for up to 20 to 30 mins

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16
Q

A 35 yo male hypertensive patient is scheduled for lower level of exercise. Before the therapy starts the PT took his BP 210/100. The patient also states that he is feeling dizzy and he wasn’t able to take his anti hypertensive drugs. What is the best course of action?

a. Terminate the exercise
b. Continue the exercise
c. Call the nurse
d. Call the doctor

A

a. Terminate the exercise

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17
Q

A 55 yo male is complaining of shortness of breath and easy fatigability. Patient went to his cardiologist and diagnostic procedures were done. The cardiac catherization shows that there is an atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary artery as a result there is reduced blood flow in the myocardium. Which of the following best describes the patient condition?

a. ischemic heart disease
b. cardiac decompensation
c. pericarditis
d. None of the choices

A

a. ischemic heart disease

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18
Q

A 40yo male patient status post MI with DM is about to enter the cardiac rehab program. What should be the best tool to use while observing this patient during exercise?

a. Thallium Stress Test
b. ECG
c. Graded exercise test
d. NONE OF THE CHOICES

A

b. ECG

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19
Q

Which of the following activities best describes the Phase 1 of cardiac rehab?

a. initial advice on lifestyle, e.g. smoking cessation, physical activity, diet, alcohol consumption
b. risk stratification and identification of the high-, medium- and low-risk patient for exercise
c. individualised progressive exercise prescription and supervised exercise sessions which vary from 4–12 weeks in different regions
d. NONE OF THE CHOICES

A

a. initial advice on lifestyle, e.g. smoking cessation, physical activity, diet, alcohol consumption

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20
Q

A physical therapist working in a skilled nursing facility is treating a 37y.o patient following a right total knee arthroplasty. The patient’s medical history includes left total knee arthroplasty and prior post operative deep vein thrombosis. The patient is currently taking a pain medicine and anticoagulant. What does the physical therapist expect this patient’s maximal heart rate to be?

a. 220 beats per minute
b. 175 beats per minute
c. 200 beats per minute
d. 183 beats per minute

A

d. 183 beats per minute

21
Q

A target heart rate is determined for individuals entering a training program in order

a. Regulate exercise intensity
b. Estimate energy expenditure
c. Control blood pressure at a specific heart rate
d. Ensure that participants exercise at maximal capacity

A

a. Regulate exercise intensity

22
Q

Patients with cardiac disease resulting in inability to carry on any physical activity without discomfort and symptoms of cardiac insufficiency may be present even at rest. Based on the description above identify what level for the functional classification of heart disease.

a. Class1
b. Class 2
c. Class 3
d. Class 4

A

d. Class 4

23
Q

Patients with cardiac disease but without resulting limitations of physical activity. Ordinary physical activity does not cause fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea or anginal pain. Identify what level for the functional classification of heart disease.

a. Class1
b. Class 2
c. Class 3
d. Class 4

A

a. Class1

24
Q

Class 3 level for the functional classification of the heart disease, describe as:

a. Patients with cardiac disease but without resulting limitations of physical activity. Ordinary physical activity does not cause fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea or anginal pain. Identify what level for the functional classification of heart disease.
b. Patients with cardiac disease resulting in slight limitation of physical activity. Ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea or anginal pain.
c. Patient with cardiac disease resulting in marked limitation of physical activity. Less than ordinary physical activity causes fatigue,palpitation dyspnea or anginal pain.
d. Patients with cardiac disease resulting in inability to carry on any physical activity without discomfort and symptoms of cardiac insufficiency may be present even at rest.

A

c. Patient with cardiac disease resulting in marked limitation of physical activity. Less than ordinary physical activity causes fatigue,palpitation dyspnea or anginal pain.

25
Q

Class 2 level for the functional classification of the heart disease, describe as:

a. Patients with cardiac disease but without resulting limitations of physical activity. Ordinary physical activity does not cause fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea or anginal pain. Identify what level for the functional classification of heart disease.
b. Patients with cardiac disease resulting in slight limitation of physical activity. Ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea or anginal pain.
c. Patient with cardiac disease resulting in marked limitation of physical activity. Less than ordinary physical activity causes fatigue,palpitation dyspnea or anginal pain.
d. Patients with cardiac disease resulting in inability to carry on any physical activity without discomfort and symptoms of cardiac insufficiency may be present even at rest.

A

b. Patients with cardiac disease resulting in slight limitation of physical activity. Ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea or anginal pain.

26
Q

_______ cardiac rehab uses a team approach based on activity progression, patient education and ECG monitoring.

a. Inpatient
b. Outpatient
c. Maintenance
d. AOTA

A

a. Inpatient

27
Q

In this level the patient requires a slow progression to upright posture, the use of a reclining chair is a way to gradually assume the upright position.

a. Phase 1 Level 1
b. Phase 1 Level 2
c. Phase 1 Level 3
d. Phase 1 Level 4

A

b. Phase 1 Level 2

28
Q

Traditionally, this phase is well set up in the form of an outpatient hospital-based programme. It includes individualized progressive exercise prescription and supervised exercise sessions.

a. Phase 1
b. Phase 2
c. Phase 3
d. Phase 4

A

c. Phase 3

28
Q

In this level the patient performs LE exercises such as ankle pumps, knee extensions or marching in place.

a. Phase 1 Level 1
b. Phase 1 Level 2
c. Phase 1 Level 3
d. Phase 1 Level 4

A

b. Phase 1 Level 2

29
Q

A thorough assessment is essential in order to plan an individualized and safe exercise prescription for cardiac patients and should include the following, Except:

a. a brief history of the present condition and clinical presentation
b. patient goals and expectations.
c. physical limitations and disabilities
d. NOTA

A

a. a brief history of the present condition and clinical presentation

30
Q

All of the following are contraindicated to exercise, EXCEPT

a. Recent embolism
b. Resting ST segment displacement >2 mm on electrocardiograph (ECG).
c. Active pericarditis or myocarditis.
d. stable angina

A

d. stable angina

31
Q

The peak of this enzyme is during 24-48hrs.

a. SGOT
b. CPK
c. CK MB
d. LDH

A

a. SGOT

32
Q

The peak of this enzyme is during 12-24hrs.

a. SGOT
b. CPK
c. CK MB
d. LDH

A

c. CK MB

33
Q

The peak of LDH is during ___
a. 3-6 days
b. 1-2 days
c. 6-7 days
d. 3-4 days

A

a. 3-6 days

34
Q

All of the following describes the PTCA except

a. The tip of the catheter inserted into the femoral artery
b. Sternal precaution are commonly applied to reduce dehiscence of the incision
c. The balloon is the inflated compressing the plaque against the interior artery walls thereby increasing the luminal area
d. NOTA

A

b. Sternal precaution are commonly applied to reduce dehiscence of the incision

35
Q

Holds the lumen open

a. PTCA
b. IV stent
c. Central line
d. Cardiac catherization

A

b. IV stent

36
Q

A 55 yo female suffers from a right sided failure, all of the following describes this condition EXCEPT:

a. The liver becomes congested with venous blood it becomes enlarged and abdominal pain occurs.
b. Edema is symmetric and occurs in the dependent parts of the body
c. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) resembles the frightening sensation of suffocation
d. Cyanosis of the nail beds appears as venous congestion reduces peripheral blood flow

A

c. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) resembles the frightening sensation of suffocation

37
Q

A 56yo female is complaining of substernal pain that may radiate to the neck, upper back, upper trapezius muscle, left supraclavicular area, down the left arm to the costal margins, Pain aggravated by trunk movements (sidebending or rotation) and by lying down. This patient is suffering from what condition?

a. TOF
b. ASD
c. Pericarditis
d. MI

A

c. Pericarditis

38
Q

Hole in the septum between the left and right sides of the heart, allowing blood to flow from one side of the heart to the other and greatly reducing the heart’s pumping effectiveness

a. Septal Defect
b. Pericarditis
c. MVP
d. NOTA

A

a. Septal Defect

39
Q

Ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth, allowing blood to flow from the aorta to the pulmonary trunk under a higher pressure

a. Septal Defect
b. Pericarditis
c. PDA
d. Coarctation of aorta

A

c. PDA

40
Q

Symptom of inadequate heart function in babies with congenital heart disease; the infant’s skin appears blue because of low oxygen levels in the blood in peripheral blood vessels

a. SOB
b. Edema
c. Orthopnea
d. Cyanosis

A

d. Cyanosis

41
Q

Which of the following best describes the nitroglycerin?

a. This drug is given to people who have heart failure
b. Causes dilation of all the veins and arteries including coronary arteries
c. Prevent clot formation
d. AOTA

A

b. Causes dilation of all the veins and arteries including coronary arteries

42
Q

Failure of this chamber causes either pulmonary congestion or a disturbance in the respiratory control mechanisms. These problems in turn precipitate respiratory distress.

a. RV
b. LV
c. RA
d. LA

A

b. LV

43
Q

A patient is recovering from open heart surgery CABG. The PT supervising the patient’s outpatient exercise program at 8 weeks postsurgery recognizes that resistance training with moderate to heavy weights

a. is absolutely contraindicated
b. should include upper body exercises only
c. should be based on 60%-80% one repletion maximum initially
d. should be avoided during the first 3 mos

A

d. should be avoided during the first 3 mos

44
Q

An elderly patient has a history of two MI and one episode of recent CHF. The patient also has claudication in the right calf during an exercise tolerance test. An initial exercise prescription that best deals with these problems is walking

a. 5x/week using continous training for 60 mins
b. 3x/week using continuous training for 40 mins sessions
c. daily, using interval training for 10-15min periods
d. 3x/week using interval training for 30 mins

A

c. daily, using interval training for 10-15min periods

45
Q

When conducting a bicycle ergometer test on a patient with history of MI and diabetes, it is most important to monitor

a. angina level via angina scale
b. exertional level on the borg scale
c. percent of age predictated HR
d. rhythm on 12 lead ECG

A

d. rhythm on 12 lead ECG

46
Q

A patient with chest pain from myocardial ischemia will most likely exhibit:

a. Increased pain upon chest wall palpation
b. Increased pain with deep breathing
c. Relief with nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) ingestion
d. Relief with antacid ingestion

A

c. Relief with nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) ingestion

47
Q

A patient is 4 weeks post MI . Resistive training using weights to improve muscular strength and endurance is appropriate

a. if exercise intensities are kept below 85% maximal voluntary contraction
b. if exercise capacity is greater than 5 mets with no angina symptoms/ST segment depression
c. during all phases of rehabilitation if judicious monitoring of HR is used
d. only during post acute phase 3 cardiac rehabilitation

A

b. if exercise capacity is greater than 5 mets with no angina symptoms/ST segment depression

48
Q

A patient is entering a cardiac rehabilitation program. The physical therapist should first ask the patient to:

a. Describe the correct aspects of exercise demonstrated by the therapist
b. List problems associated with poor nutritional habits
c. Identify the harmful effects of smoking with regards to cardiac disease
d. Describe the type of angina that the patient experiences

A

d. Describe the type of angina that the patient experiences

BOARDS (20 decks)

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