EL5

Question 1

covalent bonding

Answer 1

non-metals bond by sharing electons

shared electorns count as part of the outer shell of both elements

Question 2

dative covalent bonding

Answer 2

both electrons in a bonding pair donated by the same atom

Question 3

physical properties of simple covalent bonding

Answer 3

intRAmolecular bonds are strong
intERmolecular bonds are weak - therefore low melting and boiling points
no charged particles so don’t conduct electricity
mostly DO NOT dissolve readily in water

Question 4

linear molecules

Answer 4

2 groups of bonding electrons around a central atom

maximum repulsion gives 180 degree bond angles

Question 5

bent molecules

Answer 5

lone pairs around a central atom repel 2 groups of bonding electrons to create a ‘V’ shape
lone pairs repel to a greater extent

Question 6

trigonal planar

Answer 6

3 groups of bonding electrons around a central atom

maximum repulsion give 120 degree bond angles

Question 7

pyramidal

Answer 7

lone pairs around a central atom repel 3 groups of bonding electrons

Question 8

tetrahedral

Answer 8

4 groups of bonding electrons around a central atom

maximum repulsion gives 109.5 degree bond angles

Question 9

bipyramidal

Answer 9

5 groups of bonding electrons around a central atom
combination of trigonal planar and linear shape
maximum repulsion gives 120 or 90 degree bond angles

Question 10

octahedral

Answer 10

6 groups of bonding electrons around a central atom
combination of square planar and linear
maximum repulsion gives 90 degree bond angles

Question 11

bond angle with 4 single covalent bonds

Answer 11

109.5

Question 12

bond angle with 3 single covalent bonds and 1 lone pair

Answer 12

107

Question 13

bond angle with 2 single covalent bonds and 2 lone pairs

Answer 13

104.5