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CP Test 4 > EBM > Flashcards

EBM Flashcards

1
Q

what is the concern about the overlap between QI studies and clinical research trials?

A

QI studies randomizing patients to risky clinical trials

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2
Q

what is the challenge of public health research?

A

the potential need for informed consent for all potentially affected individuals

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3
Q

seek to analyze individual poor outcomes to indentify their root cause and look at processes of care to identify which practices have the best outcomes

A

QI studies

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4
Q

the biggest difference between clinical research and public health

A

whether the intervention will be directed at an individual level or a population level

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5
Q

studies interventions aimed at individuals

A

clinical research studies

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6
Q

explores how to provide interventions to broader populations

A

public health

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7
Q

what is the most secure way to assure participant privacy?

A

anonymous data collection

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8
Q

review research protocols to ensure they meet scientific and regulatory standards

A

IRB

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9
Q

concerns have recently been raised about the privacy protection of DNA because

A

DNA from existing samples can be traced back to the original donors or relatives

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10
Q

factors that may influence how patients and their families feel about controversy

A
  • history of research abuse
  • poor access to care
  • health care disparities
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11
Q

what can minimize the risk of differential recall?

A

standardized questionnaires

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12
Q

generates a sample that is not representative of the larger population

A

selection bias

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13
Q

test performance is assessed using a […] study

A

cross sectional

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14
Q

use groups of people as the unit of analysis and are well-suited to looking at policy related changes

A

ecologic studies

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15
Q

includes a structured plan for considering scientific literature around a focused study question

A

systematic review

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16
Q

less expensive than cohort studies and can be conducted faster

A

case-control studies

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17
Q

researchers start with outcome of interest and look backwards in time for the exposure of interest

A

case-control

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18
Q

researchers first ask about exposure and follow people forward in time to look for the development

A

cohort study

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19
Q

[…] studies are well suited to rare exposure

A

cohort

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20
Q

[…] studies are well-suited to rare outcomes

A

case-control

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21
Q

two items being addressed in a single question

A

double barreled

22
Q

suggests to the respondent that the researcher expects or desires a certain answer

A

leading question

23
Q

what helps control for unobservable characteristics?

way to address potential bias

A

randomization

24
Q

actual application of calculation from a number of studies

A

meta-analysis

25
Q

what part of PICO is the DV?

A

outcome

26
Q

what part of PICO is the IV?

A

intervention

27
Q

what part of PICO is the population/study sample?

A

patient & problem

28
Q

yes/no
what

questions are examples of..

A

quantitative

29
Q

Why?
How?

questions are examples of…

A

qualitative

30
Q

anything about perceptions, access, value is a [….] question

A

qualitative

31
Q
  • closed-ended surveys/questionnaires
  • observed and recorded
  • measured and recorded
  • existing datasets or subsets there of

qualitative or quantitative

A

quantitative

32
Q
  • open ended survey
  • interviews
  • focus groups
  • ethnography

qualitative or quantitative

A

qualitative

33
Q

most popular form of scaling

A

likert scales

34
Q

medians and frequencies of likert data can be analyzed via

A

chi square test

35
Q

means of likert data can be analyzed via

A

t test

36
Q

unlike ranking, allows participants to give different items the same answer

A

ratings

37
Q

do you agree?
how much do you agree or disagree?

examples of…

A

loaded language

38
Q

How satisfied are you with the quality of your teamwork and your progress on your protocol so far?

example of…

A

double barreled question

assessing two things

39
Q

do you spend any time?
how much time do you spend?

examples of …

A

categories that influence bias

40
Q

phases of drug development

5

A

0) exploring if/how new drug may work
1) is the treatment safe?
2) does the treatment work?
3) is it better than what is already available?
4) post marketing surveillance

41
Q

When does the project shift from QI to research?

3

A
  • systematic data collection
  • wanting to contribute to generalizable knowledge
  • intent to publish
42
Q

greatest association with preterm labor

A

poverty

43
Q

[…] were causing oxidative damage to lung/eyes in premature infants

A

high oxygen concentration

44
Q

range of oxygen saturation that minimizes the risk of retinopathy?

A

85-95%

45
Q

group that looks for emerging differences between arms and may recommend stopping trials early if there is significant risk or benefits to one arm vs. the other

A

DSMB

46
Q

DSMB may stop a trial early if

A

one arm experiences clear benefits or risks over the other

47
Q

the BOOST II investigators saw increased […] in the lower oxygen group and […]

A

increased death rates
stopped the trial

48
Q

medical malpractice requires 4 things

A
  1. duty of care
  2. breach of that duty
  3. harm caused to the patient
  4. causality: the harm is due to the breach
49
Q

why might participants at UAB be sensitive to abuse in research?

3

A
  • higher rates of prematurity with racial disparity
  • high rate of uninsurance
  • proximity to tuskegee
50
Q

registry data after the UAB oxygenation study actually showed higher mortality rates in

A

those not enrolled in the reasearch study

both arms of the trial actually had improved mortality

perhaps due to guideline based protocols

51
Q

why did the infants enrolled in the study have improved mortality over those not enrolled?

A

research inclusion benefit

CP Test 4 (15 decks)

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