Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CP Test 4 > B4-048 CBCL Congenital Heart Defects > Flashcards

B4-048 CBCL Congenital Heart Defects Flashcards

1
Q

if the abnormal O2 is first observed in the right ventricle, what is the defect?

A

VSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

if the abnormal O2 is first observed in the right atrium, where is the defect?

A

ASD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

if the abnormal O2 is first observed in the pulmonary artery, what is the defect?

A

ductus arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

in the absence of a cardiac shunt, cardiac output is equal to

A

pulmonary blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

in the presence of a cardiac shunt, the magnitude of the shunt is equal to

A

the difference between CO and pulmonary blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

calculation for cardiac output

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

septum between right and left atrium doesn’t close after birth

A

ASD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

90% of ASD cases are due to a defect in

A

ostium secundum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

comonly associated with fetal alcohol syndrome

4

A
  • ASD
  • VSD
  • PDA
  • TOF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

10% of ASD is due to a defect in

also associated with 25% of down syndrome cases

A

ostium primum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

acyanotic

A

left to right shunt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what type of shunt is ASD?

A

left to right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

increased O2 sat in
* right atrium
* right ventricle
* pulmonary artery

A

ASD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

splitting S2 due to delayed pulmonic valve closure

may also have systolic murmur

A

ASD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • embolism starts in right side but cross to left side of heart via defect
  • can enter systemic circulation and cause stroke
A

paradoxical embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

treatment: ASD

specify child vs. adult

A
  • child: monitor, may close on own
  • adult: surgery, patch opening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

infant cases appear after the aortic arch but before the patent ductus arteriosus

A

coarctation of the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • lower extremity cyanosis, weak pulses
  • hypertension in upper extremities
A

coarctation of the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

increased risk of HF, cerebral hemorrhage, aortic rupture, and endocarditis

A

coarctation of the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

becomes ligamentum arteriosum

A

ductus arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

keeps ductus arteriosus open

A

prostaglandin E2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

associated with congenital rubella syndrome

3

A
  • PDA
  • ASD
  • VSD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what kind of shunt is PDA?

A

left to right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

continous, machine like murmur

A

PDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

uncorrected left to right shunt increases the pulmonary blood flow causing pulmonary arterial hypertension

A

eisenmenger syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

causes late cyanosis, clubbing, and polycythemia

associated with L to R shunt

A

eisenmenger syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

closes PDA, and inhibits PGE2

A

indomethacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

four abnormalities of TOF

A
  1. pulmonary stenosis
  2. RVH
  3. overriding aorta
  4. VSD

PROVe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

boot shaped heart on CXR

A

TOF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

caused by anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum

A

TOF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what kind of shunt is TOF?

A

right to left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

most common cause of cyanotic CHD

A

TOF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

associated with chr 22q11

DiGeorge

A

TOF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

why does squatting (knee chest position) reduce cyanosis?

A
  • kinks femoral artery
  • increases TPR
  • increases pressure in LV
  • Left > Right
  • shunt temporarily reverses

treat tet spell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

crying, fever, and exercise exacerbates RV outflow obstruction

A

tet spell
TOF

36
Q

what kind of shunt is TGA?

A

right to left

37
Q
  • aorta leaves RV
  • pulmonary trunk leaves LV

results in complete separation of systemic and pulmonary circulation

A

TGA

38
Q

not compatible with life unless a shunt is present

patent foramen ovale/PDA, or VSD

A

TGA

39
Q

due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral

A

TGA

40
Q

fails to divide into pulmonary trunk and aorta due to failure of aorticopulmonary septum formation

A

persistent truncus arteriosus

41
Q

what kind of shunt is PTA?

A

right to left

42
Q

majority caused by defect in membranous septum

A

VSD

43
Q

holosystolic murmur at lower left sternal border

A

VSD

44
Q

larger VSDs can cause

3

A
  • pulmonary hypertension
  • HF
  • Eisenmenger’s syndrome
45
Q

associated with maternal diabetes in pregnancy

3

A
  • TGA
  • PTA
  • VSD
46
Q

pansystolic murmur noted after the first month of life

A

VSD

47
Q

blood O2 content greater in right ventricle than in the right atrium

indicates…

A

left to right shunt [VSD]

48
Q

the magnitude of the shunt is equal to

A

cardiac output - pulmonary blood flow

49
Q

complications of ASDs

4

A
  • cyanosis
  • RVH
  • righ HF
  • paradoxical emboli
50
Q

what additional defect is associated with TGA?

A

ventricular septal defect

51
Q
  • machine-like murmur best heard at the left suprasternal notch
  • cyanosis of toes but not fingers
A

patent ductus arteriosus

52
Q

hypertension in upper extremities and hypotension in legs

A

coarctation of the aorta

53
Q

the clinical outcome of TOF is dependent on

A

severity of stenosis

54
Q

O2 content in pulmonary artery greater than the RV

A

PDA

55
Q

O2 content in RV greater than RA

A

VSD

56
Q
  • present about 6 weeks of life
  • tachypnea
  • poor feeding
  • growth retardation
  • sweating
A

atrioventricular canal defect

57
Q

up to 40% of individuals with Down syndrome have […] defects

A

atrioventricular canal

58
Q

elevated upper extremity blood pressure and reduced lower extremity blood pressure

A

coarctation of the aorta

59
Q

machine like murmur
cyanosis of toes

A

PDA

60
Q

if the patient has a regular rhythm, heart rate can be calculated from EKG by

A

counting R-R intervals
divide from 300

61
Q

in left axis deviation, the QRS complex will have a positive net deflection in […] and a negative deflection in […]

A

lead 1 positive
lead aVF negative

62
Q
  • positive net deflection in lead 1
  • negative net deflection in lead aVF
A

left axis deviation

63
Q

risk of inheritance in autosomal dominant disorder

A

50%

64
Q

risk of inheritance in autosomal recessive disorder

A

25%

65
Q

what promotes hypertension in coarctation of the aorta?

A

dimished renal blood flow triggers RAAS

66
Q

pulse differential from upper and lower extremities

A

coarctation of the aorta

67
Q
  • most common type of ASD
  • occurs in middle of the wall between the atria
A

defect in septum secundum

68
Q

puppy break

A
69
Q

ASD defect that occurs in the upper part of atrial septum

rare

A

defect in sinus venosus

70
Q

ASD defect occurs in part of the wall between the coronary sinus and left atrium is missing

A

defect in coronary sinus

71
Q

cyanosis of the lower extremities but not the upper body

A

differential cyanosis

72
Q
  • elevated arterial pressure in arms and head arteries
  • much lower arterial pressure in lower extremities
A

coarctation of the aorta

73
Q

blood O2 content in pulmonary artery greater than right ventricle

A

PDA

due to shunting

74
Q

O2 content increased in right atrium compared to systemic veins

A

ASD

75
Q
  • harsh continous murmur heard at left sternal border
  • arterial blood oxygen content higher in right hand than left foot
A

PDA

76
Q
  • tachycardia
  • dyspnea
  • continous murmur
  • cardiomegaly
  • differential cyanosis
A

PDA

77
Q

increased pulmonary resistance leads to reversal of shunt and corresponding cyanosis

A

Eisenmenger’s syndrome

78
Q
  • manifests a few weeks after birth
  • pansystolic/holosystolic murmur at left sternal border
  • higher than expected oxygen in right ventricle
A

VSD

79
Q

defects associated with TOF

4

A
  • Pulmonary stenosis
  • RVH
  • Overriding aorta
  • VSD

PROVe

80
Q

what causes the closure of the foramen ovale at birth?

A
  • higher pressure in the left atrium compared to right atrium
  • caused by venous return from pulmonary veins and dilation of pulmonary arterioles
81
Q

at birth, the vascular pressure […] and left atrial pressure […] the right

A

decreases; exceeds

forces septum primum against the secundum, closing foramen ovale

82
Q

neural crest cells are key to the formation of

A

membranous IV septum

83
Q

ejection fraction equation

A

EDV-ESV/EDV

84
Q

CO equation from Fick principle

A

oxygen consumption/(arterial O2 content- mixed venous O2 content)

85
Q

label the chambers of the heart on this apical view

A
86
Q

use of ultrasound to define cardiac structures

A

echocardiography

87
Q

in the apical 4 chamber view, the right heart is on what side of the image?

A

left

CP Test 4 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions