Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CP Test 4 > B4-038 Interpreting Arterial Blood Gases > Flashcards

B4-038 Interpreting Arterial Blood Gases Flashcards

1
Q

a change in the ratio of PCO2/HCO3 predicts the change in

A

pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

normal acid base values
pH
PCO2
HCO3

A

pH: 7.4
PCO2: 40
HCO3: 24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

decrease in blood pH below normal range

A

acidemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

elevation in the blood pH above normal range

A

alkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

process that increases [H+] by increasing PCO2 or by reducing [HCO3-]

A

acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

process that reduces [H+] by reducing PCO2 or by increasing [HCO3-]

A

alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

in a simple disorder, both PCO2 and HCO3 should move

A

in the same direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

will compensation return the pH to normal?

A

no

just trend it the right way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

primary disturbance of blood [HCO3-] bicarbonate concentration

A

metabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2 types of metabolic acidosis

A
  1. anion gap
  2. non anion gap (hyperchloremic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

changes in ventilation are mediated by chemoreceptors in the […] and […]

A

carotid
lower brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • [HCO3-] retention
  • [HCO3-] is produced more than it is excreted
A

metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • nasogastric suction, vomiting
  • diuretic therapy
  • hyperaldosteronism (Addison’s)
  • Cushing
  • Exogenous steroids
  • Licorice injestion
  • Alkali injestion

possible causes of…

A

metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

[HCO3-] depletion

A

metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

[HCO3-] used up as buffer for acid

A

anion gap acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

[HCO3-] loss through urine or bowel

A

non-anion gap acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • methanol
  • uremia
  • DKA
  • paraaldehyde
  • INH/iron
  • lactic adiosis-sepsis
  • ethylene glycol
  • salicylates/starvation

can cause…

A

anion gap metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • hyperailmentation
  • acetazolamide
  • renal tubular acidosis
  • diarrhea
  • ureteroenteric fistula
  • pancreticoduodenal fistula

can cause…

A

non-anion gap metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

equation used for metabolic acidosis when trying to assess if respiratory compensation is adequate

A

winter’s formula

expected pCO2= (1.5x[HCO3]) +8 +/-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  • CO2 retention
  • decreased alveolar ventilation
A

respiratory acidosis

21
Q
  • CNS depression, sedatives
  • neuromuscular disorders
  • thoracic cage limitations
  • acute obstruction
  • chronic obstruction
  • ventilator malfunction

possible causes of…

A

respiratory acidosis

22
Q
  • CO2 depletion
  • increased alveolar ventilation
A

respiratory alkalosis

23
Q
  • anxiety
  • CNS disorders
  • salicylates, analeptics
  • fever, sepsis
  • pregnancy -FRC decreases
  • liver insufficiency
  • hyperthyroidism

possible causes of…

A

respiratory alkalosis

24
Q

pH < 7.35

A

acidemic

25
Q

pH > 7.45

A

alkalemic

26
Q

primary respiratory disturbances will change the […] primarily

A

PCO2

small changes in serum HCO3 in compensation

27
Q

a primarily high PCO2 defines

A

respiratory acidosis

28
Q

a primarily low PCO2 defines

A

primary respiratory alkalosis

29
Q

primary metabolic disturbances change the […]

A

HCO3

30
Q

a primarily low HCO3 defines

A

primary metabolic acidosis

31
Q

a primarily high HCO3 defines a

A

primary metabolic alkalosis

32
Q

determining acute vs chronic respiratory acidosis

A

Expected pH for acute: pH=7.4 – 0.008 (pCO2 – 40)

Expected pH for chronic: pH= 7.4 – 0.003 (pCO2 – 40)

33
Q

if there is a metabolic acidosis, use Winter’s formula to

A

assess if respiratory system is compensating adequately

34
Q

the physiologic response to metabolic acidosis is

A

hyperventilation

35
Q

if the actual measured PCO2 is much greater than the expected PCO2 from Winter’s formula…

A

the respiratory system is not fully compensating

respiratory acidosis is concurrently present

36
Q

if there is metabolic acidosis, check the

A

anion gap

[Na+] - ([Cl-] + [HCO3])

37
Q

normal anion gap

A

12

38
Q

if there is increased anion gap metabolic acidosis, are there other [….] present

A

metabolic issues

determine corrected bicarb

39
Q

electroneutrality principle

A

for every molecule of unmeasured anion present, one molecule of bicarb is lost

40
Q

if the corrected bicarbonate is < 22 then

A

there is additional metabolic acidosis present

41
Q

if the corrected bicarbonate is > 26 then

A

there is an additional metabolic alkalosis present

42
Q

considered present when there is an abnormality in HCO3 or PCO2 or pH

A

acid-base disorder

43
Q

key organs to maintaining acid/base balance

3

A
  • kidney
  • respiratory system
  • CNS
44
Q

required lab values to assess acid/base disorders

A
  • ABG: pH, pCO2, bicarb
  • electrolytes: Na, K, Cl, HCO3
  • BUN, glucose, creatinine
  • good history
45
Q

an imbalance between Na, Cl, and total CO2 is measured as

A

anion gap

46
Q

MUDPILES for high anion gap acidosis

A

Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Propylene glycol
Infection, Iron, Isoniazid
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates

47
Q

HARDUPS for normal anion gap acidosis

A

Hyperailmentation
Acetozolamide
RTA
Diarrhea
Ureteroenteric fistula
Pancreaticoduodenal fistula
Spironolactone

48
Q

the compensatory response of the pulmonary system for a metabolic alkalosis is limited a PCO2 between

A

40 and 50

CP Test 4 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions