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CP Test 4 > B4-060 Pulmonary Infection > Flashcards

B4-060 Pulmonary Infection Flashcards

1
Q

major morphologic patterns in RTIs

3

A
  1. intra-alveolar accumulation of neutrophils
  2. interstitial expansion by mononuclear inflammatory cells
  3. granulomatous inflammation
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2
Q

phases of acute pneumonia

3

A
  1. red hepatization
  2. gray hepatization
  3. resolution or organization
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3
Q
  • most common cause of lobar pneumonia
  • most common cause of CAP pneumonia
A

s. pneumoniae

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4
Q

most common cause of bronchiopneumonia

A

S. aureus

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5
Q
  • causes a bronchiopneumonia
  • most commonly occurs in young children after viral infection or lung damage
A

H. influenzae

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6
Q
  • malaise, fever, SOB, productive cough
  • ill appearing, cough, ronchi, wheezing
  • dullness, egophany
A

suppurative pneumonia

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7
Q

interstitial infiltrate of mononuclear cells

A

interstitial atypical pneumonia

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8
Q
  • less productive cough, low grade fever,
  • not toxic appearing
  • SOB, URI symptoms
  • no left shift in WBC
A

interstitial atypical pneumonia

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9
Q

lymphopenia
cytokine storm
hypercoaguable state

A

covid

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10
Q

TB and fungal organisms cause

A

granulomatous pneumonia

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11
Q

outpatient treatment for CAP
no comorbidities/MSRA/pseudomonas

A

amoxicillin or
doxycycline or
macrolide

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12
Q

treatment
inpatient non severe pneumonia

A

B lactam + macrolide or
fluoroquinolones

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13
Q

treatment
severe inpatient pneumonia

A

B lactam + macrolide or
B lactam+ fluroquinolone

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14
Q

greater than 48 hours after hospital admission

A

HAP

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15
Q

prevention of HAP

A
  • mask ventilation
  • head elevated
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16
Q

typical organisms causing lobar pneumonia

3

A
  1. S pneumo
  2. Legionella
  3. Klebsiella
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17
Q

typical organisms causing bronchopneumonia

4

A
  1. S pneumo
  2. S aureus
  3. H. flu
  4. Klebsiella
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18
Q

typical organisms causing atypical pneumonia

4

A
  1. mycoplasma
  2. clamydophilia
  3. coxiella
  4. viruses
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19
Q
  • intra alveolar exudate leads to consolidation
  • may involve entire lobe or whole lung
A

lobar pneumonia

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20
Q
  • acute inflammatory infiltates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli
  • patchy distribution involving more than one lobe
A

bronchopneumonia

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21
Q
  • diffuse patcy infiltration localized to interstitial areas at alveolar walls
  • bilateral multifocal opacities on CXR
  • follows indolent course
A

interstitial atypical pneumonia

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22
Q

aspiration of oropharyngeal or gastric contents causing pulmonary infection

A

aspiration pneumonia

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23
Q
  • AMS
  • dysphagia
  • neurologic disorders
  • NG tubes

all are risk factors for…

A

aspiration pneumonia

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24
Q
  • aspiration, anaerobic bacteria
  • strep viridans
  • mycobacteria

can result in what complication?

A

abscess

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25
Q

if macrophages are overwhelmed, they recruit […] from pulmonary capillaries

A

neutrophils

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26
Q

infections with mycobacteria cause a […] inflammatory response

A

granulomatous

27
Q

CURB65 stands for

A

Confusion
blood Urea nitrogen
Respiratory Rate
Blood Pressure
.>65 years of age

28
Q

CURB65 is useful for deciding

A

if/where to admit

29
Q

seasonal influenza vaccination is recommended to

A

all persons 6+ months

30
Q

generally healthy patients are mostly affected by what pneumonia type

A

atypical

31
Q

lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages in interstitum

A

atypical pneumonia

32
Q

treatment for mycoplasma

A

macrolides

lack a cell wall

33
Q

MDR pathogens

4

A
  • pseudomonas
  • Klebsiella
  • Acinetobacter
  • MRSA
34
Q

treatment of MDR VAP

general

A

1 gram positive coverage
2 gram negative coverage

ex. carbapenem + fluoroquinoline + vanc

35
Q

voluminous, foul smelling sputum

A

lung abscess

anaerobic bacteria

36
Q

altered mental status

think..

A

aspiration pneumonia

37
Q

acute alcoholism
anesthesia
Alzheimer’s

risk factors for

A

aspiration

38
Q

aspiration to the […] is more common

A

right lung and lower lobe

39
Q

most commonly implicated pathogen in lung abcesses

A

S. aureus

40
Q
  • […] are normally found in the oral cavity and thus aspirated
  • common causes of lung abcesses
A

anaerobes

bacteroides, peptococcus, fusobacterium

41
Q

lesion with air-fluid level

A

abscess

42
Q

granulomatous lesions with central cavitation

A

TB

43
Q
  • lead to chronic abscesses but lack a liquefied component
  • affect immunocompromised patients
A

nocardia
actinomycotic

44
Q

most likely agent to be cultured in CAP

paticularly lobar

A

S. pneumo

45
Q

can produce a lobar pneumonia, but typically associated with HAP

A

pseudomonas

46
Q

produce granulomatous disease

A

mycobacteria

47
Q

gram negative coccobacillus

A

H. flu

48
Q

previously a common cause of pneumonia in children but has decreased since the vaccination

A

H. flu

49
Q

uncapsulated form is a common pathogen affecting those with COPD or CF

A

H. flu

50
Q
  • gram negative bacteria that resides in GI tract
  • affects those prone to aspiration
A

klebsiella

51
Q
  • ceftriaxone + azithromycin
  • levofloxacin

treatment options for…

A

CAP with no risk of MRSA/pseudomonas

52
Q

if patient is at risk for HAP with MDR organism, what treatment is appropriate?

A

need MRSA + pseudomonas coverage

ex. vancomycin + cefepime + levofloxacin

53
Q

people with alcoholism are prone to what kind of pneumonia?

A

aspiration

54
Q
  • normal flora of GI tract
  • affects those prone to aspiration of gastric contents
A

klebsiella

55
Q

most common cause of gram negative pneumonia

A

klebsiella

56
Q

red, gelatinous sputum

A

klebsiella

57
Q

all adults of the age of […] should receive the pneumococcal vaccine

A

65

58
Q

in acute lobar pneumonia, the alveolar infiltrate consist mostly of [cell type]

A

neutrophils

59
Q

viral, clamydial, and mycoplasma pneumonias are […]

A

interstitial

60
Q

hilar lymphadenopathy is characteristic of

A

TB

61
Q

common etiology of young, healthy patients

A

atypicals- mycoplasma

62
Q

treatment for mycoplasma

A

macrolides (azithromycin)

mycoplasma has no cell wall

63
Q

phagocytize small particles and microorganisms within the parenchyma

A

macrophages

64
Q

if overwhelmed, recruit neutrophils from alveolar septal capillaries

A

macrophages

CP Test 4 (15 decks)

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