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CP Test 4 > B4-075 Lower Airway Infection > Flashcards

B4-075 Lower Airway Infection Flashcards

1
Q

hospitalized
fever, chills, fatigue
SOB
change on CXR

A

hospital acquired pneumonia

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2
Q

trachea, bronchi, lung make up the […] respiratory tract

A

lower

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3
Q

bronchitis is usually caused by [pathogen]

A

virus

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4
Q

inflammation/infection of the lung parenchyma

A

pneumonia

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5
Q

acquired > 48 into hospitalization

A

HAP

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6
Q

most common cause of aspiration pneumonia

A

gastric contents

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7
Q

usually due to malignancy

A

post obstructive pneumonia

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8
Q

no vital sign changes
self-limited
no change on CXR
usually viral

A

bronchitis

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9
Q

treatment for bronchitis

A

supportive care

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10
Q

treatment pneumonia

A

directed antimicrobial therapy

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11
Q

cause of typical CAP pneumonia

A

S. pneumo

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12
Q

cause of atypical pneumonia

3

A

mycoplasma
legionella
clamydia pneumo.

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13
Q
A

alveolar infiltrate

typical pneumonia

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14
Q
A

interstitial infiltrates

atypical pneumonias

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15
Q
A

nodular infiltrates

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16
Q

if you are admitted with pneumonia, what two tests do we want?

A

sputum culture
blood culture

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17
Q

every patient with pneumonia, rule out…

A

covid

flu if flu season

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18
Q

urinary antigen test

A

legionella
S. pneumo

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19
Q
  • differentiates non-infectious from infectious pneumonia
  • determine when to stop antibiotics
A

procalcitonin

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20
Q

empiric therapy for HAP and VAP

A

MRSA coverage
2 pseudomona drugs from different classes

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21
Q
  • mechanical ventilation
  • fever, increased oxygen requirement
  • has purulent sputum
  • change on CXR
A

VAP

22
Q

what drugs should be avoided in empiric therapy of HAP and VAP?

2

A
  • aminoglycosides
  • colistin
23
Q

main risk factor for resistant bugs

A

IV antibiotics within past 3 months

24
Q

2 big drugs for MRSA

A
  • vanc
  • linezolid
25
Q

antipseudomonal drugs
(B-lactams)

6

A
  • piperacillin-tazobactam
  • cefepime
  • ceftazidime
  • imipenem
  • meropenem
  • aztreonam
26
Q

surfactant in the lungs inactivates

drug

A

daptomycin

27
Q

antibiotic duration for HAP/VAP

A

7 days

28
Q

sterile, free flowing pleural fluid adjacent to pneumonia

A

parapneumonic effusion

29
Q

aspiration, poor dentition, malnutrition, and substance abuse can increase the risk of

complication of pneumonia

A

parapneumonic effusion

30
Q

protracted illness
more pleuritic pain
delay in clinical improvement

complication of pneumonia

A

parapneumonic effusion

31
Q

pleural fluid pH <7.1 or with + gram stain/culture

complication of pneumonia

A

empyema

32
Q

treatment of empyema

A

drain it

33
Q

alcoholism
seizures
poor oral hygiene
aspiration

risk factors for

complication of pneumonia

A

lung abscess

34
Q

grows anaerobes on culture

complication of pneumonia

A

lung abscess

35
Q

treatment for lung abscess

A

prolonged antibiotics

do not drain

36
Q

intra-alveolar fibrino purulent exudate

A

lobar pneumonia

S. pneumo

37
Q

caseating granulomas

A

TB

38
Q

would exudate or transudate be seen in an acute infection?

A

exudate

39
Q

why are older adults more susceptible to CAP?

A

aging immune system less able to respond to changes

40
Q

created by inflammation from adjacent pneumonia

A

uncomplicated parapneumonic effusions

41
Q

treatment for uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion

A

antibiotics for pneumonia

42
Q

treatment for complicated parapneumonic effusion

A

antibiotics + drainage

43
Q

when is a blood culture appropriate in the evaluation of CAP?

A

patients with prior MRSA infection

44
Q

do patients with mild CAP require blood cultures?

A

no

45
Q

COPD poses a risk for what bacterial infection?

A

pseudomonas

46
Q

first line options for MRSA coverage

2

A
  • vancomycin
  • linezolid
47
Q

first line options for gram negative coverage, including pseudomonas

specfic examples from 4 classes

A
  • pipercillin tazobactam
  • cefepime/ceftazidime
  • imipenem/meropenem
  • aztreonam
48
Q

azithromycin with ceftriaxone would be appropriate coverage for what type of patient?

A

CAP with no MRSA/pseudomonas risk

49
Q
  • no vital sign changes
  • no new findings on CXR

think…

A

acute bronchitis

50
Q

treatment for CAP with no MRSA/pseudomonas risk

A

azithromycin and ceftriaxone

CP Test 4 (15 decks)

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