B4-077 Cardiopulmonary Changes with Aging Flashcards
is cardiac output affected by age?
no
**unless due to exercise/stress
decreased arterial compliance and
decreased baroreceptor response inhibit compensatory mechanisms and contribute to
orthostatic hypotension
SA node automaticity is […] with aging
decreased
accumulation of collage and increased size of cardiac myocytes contributes to […] with aging
LVH
[systolic/diastolic] hypertension can contribute to LVH with aging
systolic
the total number of cardiac myocytes […] with age
decreases
calcification of the […] valve can contribute to orthostasis
aortic
[systolic/diastolic] blood pressure increases with aging
systolic
accumulation of fat around the SA node
decreased number of pacemaker cells
and diastolic dysfunction contribute to […] with aging
atrial fibrillation
the number of pacemaker cells […] with age
decrease
responsiveness to beta adrenergic stimulation is […] with age
decreased
**response to beta blockers is preserved
risk of DVT […] with age
increases
stiffening of the veins increases the risk of […] with aging
DVT
decreased muscle strength
and immune dysregulation lead to increased risk of […]
pneumonia
elastic recoil is […] with aging
decreased
response to hypoxia/hypercarbia is […] with aging
decreased
loss of […] causes expansion of alveolar ducts
elasticity
loss of respiratory muscle tone leads to decreased
2
- vigor of cough
- chest expansion
fever, abnormal lung sounds, productive cough, SOB
pneumonia
abrupt onset of pleuritic chest pain, SOB, hypoxia
PE
wheezes might suggest
2
COPD
asthma
mucociliary clearance is […] with aging
decreased
total lung capacity and residual volume are […] with aging
increased
chest wall compliance […] with aging
decreases
due to stiffening of joints and weakening of muscles
the ratio of CD4/CD8 […] with age
increases
what contributes to DVT in the elderly?
thickening of venous valves
decreased arterial compliance with aging leads to […] systolic blood pressure
increased
keep going :)
uncontrolled a fib often results in
dizziness, palpitations
absent P wave on EKG
a fib
mainstay of stroke prophylaxis in a fib
anticoagulants
in a fib, the atrial rate is
bpm
400-600 bpm
most common arrythmia in older adults
a fib
cresendo-decresendo systolic murmur
aortic stenosis
aortic stenosis can lead to […] which can be identified on CXR
LVH
echo shows degeneration/calcification of aortic valve
aortic stenosis
dyspnea, bilateral rales, reduced EF, S3
systolic HF
