Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CP Test 4 > B4-055 Hypoxia > Flashcards

B4-055 Hypoxia Flashcards

1
Q

some inefficiency of gas exchange in a normal healthy lung is due to

2

A
  • heterogeneity of VA/Q distribution
  • small veno-arterial shunt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

units with a VA/Q higher than ideal have a higher […] and lower […]

A

higher PO2
lower CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

units with a lower VA/Q than ideal have a lower […] and a higher […]

A

lower PO2
higher PCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

under normal conditions, the V/Q ratio of the lung is

A

around 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ventilation per unit volume is greatest at the […] of the lung

A

base

progressively smaller toward apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

perfusion is greatest at the […] of the lung

A

base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

changes in VA/Q are lowest at the […] of the lung and increase toward the […]

A

base
apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

at the top of the lung
VA/Q:
PCO2:
PO2:

A

VA/Q: high
PCO2: low
PO2: high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

at the bottom of the lung
VA/Q:
PCO2:
PO2:

A

VA/Q: low
PCO2: increased
PO2: decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

alveolar ventilation will be […] in areas of low compliance

A

low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

alveolar ventilation will be […] in areas of high compliance

A

high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

alveolar ventilation will be […] in areas of low resistance

A

high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

alveolar ventilation will be […] in areas of high resistance

A

low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

for any given PaCO2, the PECO2 will be

A

lower

due to volume from dead space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the PECO is diluted about 1/3 compared to

A

PaCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

normal VD/VT

A

.25-.35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when VD/VT > 0.6, patients are

A

ventilated

cannot maintain ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

low PaO2
without much increase in CO2

A

increased dead space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

VD/VT > 0.3

A

increased dead space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

shunt unit produce a […] in arterial PO2

A

large decrease

venous blood mixed with arterial blood, mixing PO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

does increased PIO2 or hyperventiliation increase PaO2 significantly?

A

no

shunt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

shunt units produce a […] in PaCO2

A

small increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ineffective at raising PaO2, but effective in lowering PaCO2

A

hyperventilation

24
Q

VD/VE >0.35

A

increased dead space

25
Q

A-aPO2 > 10 mmHG

A

shunt

26
Q

low PaO2 is sensed by

A

peripheral chemoreceptors

27
Q

when PAO2-PaO2 is greater than 5-10, you have

A

diffusion impairment

increased thickness or decreased surface area for gas exchange

28
Q
  • produce a large decrease in arterial PO2
  • produce relatively small increase in arterial CO2
A

shunt units

29
Q

normal PAO2, PaO2, CaO2
Low Q

A

cardiogenic shock

30
Q

PaO2 of 40 mmHg
CaO2 is 15 ml/dl

acute or chronic hypoxia

A

acute hypoxia

31
Q

normal PaO2

A

90-95

32
Q

normal CaO2

A

20 ml/dl

33
Q

at a PaO2 of 40, we would expect an O2 content of

A

15 ml/dl

75% saturation

34
Q

is PaO2 is 40 mmHg but O2 content is normal,

acute or chronic

A

chronic

long term compensation (increased Hb)

35
Q

PaCO2 is 60 mmHg
pH is 7.36

acute or chronic hypoxia?

A

chronic

pH is normal despite high PaCO2
compensated respiratory acidosis

36
Q

each 10 mmHg increase in PaCO2 will decrease pH by […] in the short term

A

0.08 units

37
Q

PaO2 is 40 mmHg
CaO2 is 19.2 ml/dl

acute or chronic hypoxia

A

chronic

PaO2 is low, but CaO2 is normal
compensation

38
Q

PaCO2 is 20 mmHg
pH is 7.56

acute or chronic

A

acute

PaCO2 decreased by 20, so expected pH increase is .16
non compensated

39
Q

alveolar ventilation is only defined by a change in

A

PaCO2

40
Q

:)

A

.

41
Q

if Hb is greater than 15 g/dL

A

chronic hypoxia

42
Q

if pH is what would be predicted based on an acute change in PaCO2

A

non-compensated

43
Q

0.08 change in pH for every

A

10 mmHg change in PaCO2

44
Q

PaCO2 > 40 mmHg

A

hypoventilation

45
Q

PaCO2 < 40 mmHg

A

hyperventilation

46
Q

PAO2 - PaO2 should be

A

5-10 mmHg

47
Q

normal dead space

A

.25-.35

48
Q

if PAO2 - PaO2 is greater than 5-10, what does this mean?

A

something besides a change in ventilation is also happening

could be diffusion issue, shunt unit

49
Q

primarily drive low PaO2

A

shunt units

50
Q

normal PECO2

A

30

51
Q

under normal conditions with a normal CO, the difference in systemic arterial and venous O2 content is

A

5 ml O2/dl

52
Q
  • arterial O2 content is normal
  • venous O2 content is markedly decreased

what does this indicate?

A

decreased flow to systemic organs

hypovolumic shock

53
Q
  • arterial PO2 is 40 mmHg
  • arterial O2 content is 15 ml/dl

what would this indicate?

A

acute hypoxia

obstruction of large bronchus

54
Q

how does anemia affect arterial O2 content,PaO2, and arterial blood content?

A

CaO2: decreased
PaO2: normal
arterial blood O2: decreased

55
Q

how does hypoventilation affect PaCO2 and PaO2?

A

PaCO2: increased
PaO2: decreased

CP Test 4 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions