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CP Test 4 > B4-058 Acute Lung Injury and ARDS > Flashcards

B4-058 Acute Lung Injury and ARDS Flashcards

1
Q

abnormal accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung parenchyma

A

pulmonary edema

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2
Q

intra-alveolar and interstitial accumulation of fluid and congestion of alveolar capillaries

A

pulmonary edema

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3
Q
A

pulmonary edema

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4
Q
  • left-sided heart failure leads to increased pulmonary venous pressure
  • protein poor transudate
A

cardiogenic pulmonary edema

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5
Q

CXR

  • Kerley B lines
  • butterfly/batwing sign
  • cardiomegaly
A

cardiogenic pulmonary edema

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6
Q
  • hemosiderin- laden macrophages accumulate in alveoli
  • deposition of hemosiderin in interstitium
  • microhemorrhages
A

chronic cardiogenic pulmonary edema

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7
Q
  • damage to alveolar epithelium and endothelium increased vascular permeability
  • protein-rich exudate
A

pulmonary edema due to alveolar wall injury

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8
Q

direct causes of pulmonary edema due to alveolar wall injury

4

A
  • infection
  • aspiration
  • inhalation
  • radiation
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9
Q

indirect causes of pulmonary edema due to alveolar wall injury

3

A
  • SIRS
  • drugs/toxin
  • transfusion reaction
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10
Q

if diffuse, this injury may cause ARDS

A

pulmonary edema due to alveolar wall injury

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11
Q
  • impaired gas exchange
  • reduction in lung compliance
A

pulmonary edema

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12
Q
  • edema fluid within interstitium and alveoli
  • capillary congestion
  • hemosiderosis in chronic CHF
A

pulmonary edema

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13
Q
  • rapid onset of life threatening respiratory insufficiency
  • severe progress hypoxemia
  • bilateral opacities on CXR
  • exclusion of cardiogenic pulmonary edema
A

ARDS

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14
Q

CXR

bilateral opacities

A

ARDS

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15
Q

causes of ARDS

6

A
  • pneumonia
  • sepsis
  • aspiration
  • trauma
  • pancreatitis
  • transfusion rx
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15
Q

the alveolar-capillary membrane is compromised by epithelial and endothelial injury

A

ARDS

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16
Q
A

acute and organizing diffuse alveolar damage
ARDS

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17
Q

what stage of ARDS

  • edema
  • hyaline membranes
  • impaired gas exchange
A

acute

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18
Q

what stage of ARDS

  • alveolar pneumocyte hyperplasia
  • interstitial fibrosis
  • alveolar collapse
  • reduced lung compliance
  • VQ mismatch
A

organizing stage

19
Q

what stage of ARDS

  • progressive or stable fibrosis
  • resolution
A

fibrotic

20
Q
  • hyaline membranes
  • interstitial pulmonary edema
  • proliferation of type II pneumocytes, fibroblasts, deposition of collagen
A

ARDS

21
Q
  • impaired gas exchange
  • alveolar collapse
  • reduction in lung compliance
  • VQ mismatch
A

ARDS

22
Q
A

infant RDS

23
Q

due to surfactant deficiency in immature lungs or congenital deficiency due to mutations

A

infant RDS

24
Q

hyaline membranes in airspaces

A

infant RDS

25
Q

risk factors for infant RDS

3

A
  • male gender
  • maternal diabetes
  • C section
26
Q
A

infant RDS

27
Q

potentially reversible impairment in development of alveolar septation during the saccular stage

A

bronchopulmonary dysplasia

complication of infant RDS

28
Q
  • larger, simplified alveoli with fewer septation on dysmorphic capillary configuration
  • less surface area for gas exchange
A

bronchopulmonary dysplasia

complication of infant RDS

29
Q
  • decreased levels of VEGF
  • endothelial cell apoptosis
A

hyperoxic phase
retrolental fibroplasia

complication of infant RDS

30
Q

rebound VEGF levels induce retinal revascularization, retinal detachment

A

hypoxic phase of retrolental fibroplasia

complication of infant RDS

31
Q
  • alveolar collapse, progressive atelectasis
  • impaired gas exchange
  • reduction in lung compliance
  • VQ mismatch
A

infant RDS

32
Q

decreased lamellar bodies in type II pneumocytes

A

infant RDS

33
Q

diffuse alveolar damage

A

ARDS

34
Q

eosinophilic membranes lining alveolar spaces

A

ARDS

diffuse alveolar damage

35
Q

most common causes of ARDS

4

A
  • pulmonary infection
  • shock
  • sepsis
  • aspiration
36
Q

complication of high dose oxygen therapy

A

bronchopulmonary dysplasia

37
Q

defective alveolar septation and abnormal vascular development

fewer, larger alveoli = less surface area

A

bronchopulmonary dysplasia

38
Q

hyperoxemia, hyperventilation, prematurity, inflammatory mediators, and vascular maldevelopment play a role in the development of

A

bronchopulmonary dysplasia

39
Q

frothy, pink fluid

A

pulmonary edema

40
Q

excessive supplemental oxygen used in the management of neonatal RDS is a risk factor for

A

retinopathy of prematurity

41
Q

abnormal proliferation of the blood vessels in the retina can lead to retinal detachment and blindness

A

retinopathy of prematurity

42
Q

declining in frequency due to improved ventilation and oxygen techniques

A

retinopathy of prematurity

43
Q

occurs secondary to heart failure as a result of increased hydrostatic pressure

A

pulmonary edema

44
Q

fluid accumulates in alveolar septa/interstitium and in the alveolar spaces

A

pulmonary edema

45
Q

leukocyte mediated injury to alveolar capillary endothelium

A

ARDS

46
Q

diffuse alveolar damage intitated by injury to capillary endothelium via neutrophils and macrophages

A

ARDS

CP Test 4 (15 decks)

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