Early Eighteenth Century Europe

Question 1

What was the treaties of Utrecht?

Answer 1

It ended the War of Spanish Succession in Europe.

Question 2

What was the War of the Spanish Succession?

Answer 2

Dealt with who was to be king of Spain. Between Spain and France while bringing up other nations..

Question 3

What type of monarchy did Great Britain have?

Answer 3

Limited or Constitutional monarchy.

Question 4

Who and what ended up winning every time parliament and kings went up against each other?

Answer 4

Parliament; constitutionalism

Question 5

What was the Glorious Revolution? What was another name for it?

Answer 5

It was when James II wanted to implement complete control such as raising tax without parliament knowing. He eventually lost his job and never regained power. Bloodless revolution because James II fled instead of fighting.

Question 6

What is the Bill of Right that was sealed in 1689?

Answer 6

-Parliament elections were to be free with no outside interference
-parliament to convene regularly
-no Roman Catholic or a spouse of a Roman Catholic could succeed the throne; had to be a protestant

Question 7

What dynasty was established after Queen Elizabeth died?

Answer 7

Hanoverian Dynasty

Question 8

Who did the Hanoverian Dynasty start with?

Answer 8

George I, a German who could not speak English when he became British king. Was a ruler of a German state Hanover.

Question 9

Who was Robert Walpole?

Answer 9

Britain’s first prime minister.

Question 10

What did Robert Walpole do?

Answer 10

He controlled the Whig party, which controlled British politics. Usually dealt with corruption within the government, such as patronage to get the government to do what he wanted. Also introduced cabinet government.

Question 11

What was the Cabinet Government?

Answer 11

It was based on the principle of collective cabinet responsibility. All on the same page, and if someone didn’t agree all of them were to step down. Introduced financial reforms and worked with economy. advocated of peace and prosperity.

Question 12

Which three countries showed examples of absolutism?

Answer 12

France, Prussia, & Austria

Question 13

What kind of monarchy did France have?

Answer 13

monarchial absolutism. they also said they had divine right monarchy, that they were put on by God to become king. they had the obligation to obey god’s law and rule in the interest of the people.

Question 14

What was the Estate General?

Answer 14

King would lock away this assembly for 175 year. Came back in 1789

Question 15

Who was Louis XIV?

Answer 15

He represented the bourbon dynasty. He boldly declared the state and resided in the treaty of versailles; left France bankrupt

Question 16

What was the revocation of the edict of Nantes?

Answer 16

It essentially gave Huguenots inference the same religious freedom and rights as catholics. Louis xiv wanted religious unity so he revoked the edict. Done because wanted religious uniformity. There were waves of persecution and some even fled.

Question 17

Who was Louis XV?

Answer 17

Became king when Louis XIV died. Advised Louis XIV to avoid war.

Question 18

Who was the Duke of Orleans?

Answer 18

Became the substitute king of France. gained the title of regent. was supposed to put financial house in order but was more interested in perks

Question 19

Who was Cardinal Fleury?

Answer 19

Louis XV’s prime minister. Advocated for international space, financial responsibility, peace and prosperity, and died in office

Question 20

Who was Philbert Orry?

Answer 20

the superintendent of finances/finance minister. he introduced financial reforms and enforced them. they were successful enough to introduced a balanced government in 1739. This would be the only time this would happen in France.

Question 21

What kind of absolutism did Prussia have?

Answer 21

Drill Yard-Absolutism; government was military orientated

Question 22

Who was Fredrick William I?

Answer 22

He was the king of Prussia; was known as the sergeant king due to his concern of the military

Question 23

What dynasts was fredrick William apart of ?

Answer 23

Hohenzollern dynasty

Question 24

What was the Cantonal system?

Answer 24

Created by fredrick where he doubled the size of the Prussian government, making it regularized and kingdom wise. each area of Prussia was responsible and was required to send so many soldiers.

Question 25

Who were the Potsdam Giants?

Answer 25

Soldiers that were 6 feet tall or taller. the tallest was James Kirkland

Question 26

What absolutism did austria have?

Answer 26

incomplete absolutism

Question 27

What dynasty was Austrian made up of? What are its components?

Answer 27

Habsburgs. main components were made up of hereditary provinces of Austria, the kingdom of Bohemia, and the kingdom of Hungary

Question 28

Who was Charles Vi?

Answer 28

Austrian Empire and Holy Roman Emperor. His main problem was his successor. notorious for having mole male ruler but he had a daughter, Maria Theresa

Question 29

How was Maria Theresa protected?

Answer 29

She was protected against the Pragmatic Sanction. It was an insurance guarantee for an undivided succession at his death. it was everything domestically and internationally to be recognized as legitimate ruler of Austria