Early Childhood Development Flashcards
What are some factors (including developmental and environmental) that affect a child’s development?
- CNS development
- Normal hearing and vision
- Hereditary factors
- Parent health
- Socioeconomic considerations
What are developmental milestones? Are they hard to define? Describe the regularity of their order across patients. Are they transient or permanent?
- Devleopmental milestones are the acquisition of a specific skill or function in a child
- They are generally clear-cut in nature
- They tend to occur in a predictable manner across patients
- We expect these skills to stick around once developed
What are the four types of developmental milestones in children?
- Gross and fine motor
- Speech
- Social (adaptive, social, play) - Piaget
Describe the hierarchy of early brain development. How does the number of neurons change over time?
- Bottom up hierarchy: basic information circuits (like thermoregulation, hunger, breathing) come before complex things
- With age, the number of synapses and neurons decreases due to synpatic pruning (what causes this?)
Which areas of the body is development concentrated in in the first 3 months of life? What milestones do we see?
- Development of head and hands (parents head in hands from exhaustion/sleep deprivation)
- Milestones include responsive smile, fixing and following with eyes, palmar grasp, and basic reaching (with head lag)
Which areas of the body is development concentrated in by 6 months of age? What milestones?
- Concentrated in head, hands, and now also trunk (baby elephant toy of 6 month old)
- Milestones are midline reaching, babbling (why is this cool?), no head lag, may sit/roll over
Which areas of the body is development concentrated in by 9 months of age? What milestones?
- Trunk, arms, legs (stick figure body)
- New milestones include sitting unsupported, righting reflexes, rolling over, and possible crawling, pulling to stand, and walking
Using the four domains of developmental milestones, outline milestones at 12 months of age
- Gross motor: crawling, rolling, pull to stand, cruising, may walk
- Fine motor: pincer reflex
- Speech: single words
- Social: enjoys peek-a-boo
Describe present/absent times for moro, palmar grasp, and parachute reflexes
- Moro: gone by 3-4 months
- Palmar grasp: gone by 2-3 months
- Parachute: present by 6-9 months
(The two P reflexes are multiples of each other. Moro is the odd one out)
List some 18 month developmental milestones
- Walking well
- Uses cup and spoon
- Wary of strangers
- 10-50 words
List some 24 month developmental milestones
- Runs well
- Two-word sentences
- Removes clothes
