The Pelvis and Structural Adaptions to Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the anatomical boundaries of the perineum?

A
  • Anteriorly, pubic symphisis
  • Anterolaterally: ischiopubic ramus
  • Laterally: ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament
  • Posteriorly: coccyx
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2
Q

We’re looking down into a Kenhub image of pelvic floor muscles. What muscles do we see?

A
  • Levator ani (pubococcygeus, puborectalis, iliococcygeus)
  • Ischiococcygeus (sometimes called coccygeus)
  • Piriformis posterolaterally
  • Obturator internus anteriorly
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3
Q

Describe the perineal muscles (including those that relate to the genitals)

A
  • Superficial/deep transverse perinei
  • Pair of ischiocavernosus
  • Bulbospongiosus
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4
Q

What is the primary nerve supplying the pelvic floor and perineum? Is it autonomic/motor/sensory?

A
  • Pudendal nerve
  • It is motor, sensory, and autonomic
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5
Q

Urogenital vs pelvic diaphragm

A
  • Pelvic diaphragm forms the floor for all pelvic organs
  • Urogenital diaphragm is outside this, and supports the urethra and surrounding structures anteriorly
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6
Q

Structure of male vs female pelvis

A
  • Female pelvis has thinner, lighter bones (why?)
  • Women have larger pelvic inlet/outlet (why?)
  • Women have wider subpubic angle (why? :))
  • Women have wider, shorter sacrum with outward/down curving coccyx
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7
Q

Which veins/arteries drain/supply the pelvis? Which specific branch of these drain/supply the perineum?

A
  • Pelvis is supplied by internal iliac v/a
  • Pudendal v/a supply the perineum (primarily internal pudendal)
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8
Q

What changes occur to the pelvis/surrounding structures during pregnancy?

A
  • Relaxin and oestrogen soften the joints and connective tissue (incl. ligaments)
  • Pubic symphysis widens
  • Pelvic floor muscles soften
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