EAC Respiratory Arrest & Assisting Ventilations

Question 1

effect of reduced O2 to body tissue (hypoxia)

Answer 1

cyanosis

loss of tissue/organ/system function

cardiac arrest

brain injury

Question 2

parts of the respiratory system effected by respiratory arrest

Answer 2

Respiratory centre

Respiratory mechanism

Airway (upper and lower)

Question 3

five categories of causes of respiratory compromise and arrest

Answer 3

obstruction of air passages

chest or lung trauma

paralysis of respiratory nerves and muscles

non-oxygen atmospheres

lung disease and illness

Question 4

five categories of causes of respiratory compromise and arrest:

obstruction of air passages

Answer 4

Tongue

Maxillo-facial injuries

Blood, vomit, etc

Foreign bodies

Suffocation

External pressure to the neck

Drowning

Internal swelling (could be caused by inhaling hot gas)

Question 5

five categories of causes of respiratory compromise and arrest:

Trauma

Answer 5

External compression

Blast injuries

Question 6

five categories of causes of respiratory compromise and arrest:

Paralysis

Answer 6

Electrocution

Head or spinal injuries

Poisons

Drugs

Diseases

Question 7

five categories of causes of respiratory compromise and arrest:

Oxygen-deficient Atmosphere

Answer 7

Gases

Chemical fumes

Smoke

Altitude

Question 8

five categories of causes of respiratory compromise and arrest:

Lung Disease and Illness

Answer 8

Emphysema

Pulmonary oedema

Acute pneumonia

Asthma/bronchitis

Continuos fits

Question 9

signs and symptoms:

Opioid Overdose

Answer 9

Respiratory depression

Hypotension

Circulatory failure

Coma

Convulsions

Renal failure

Pinpoint pupils

Respiratory arrest

Question 10

Management of:

Respiratory Arrest

Answer 10

Airway: check clear, airway control, use basic adjuncts

High concentration O2

Assisted ventilations with BVM:

• at rate of 10-12 bpm (adults)
• if in respiratory arrest
• considered if:
• -SpO2 is 30 bpm
• -inadequate chest expansion

CPR (if necessary)

Question 11

optimise ventilation using JAWS

Answer 11

Jaw thrust
Adjucts
Work 2gether
Squeeze slowly

Question 12

types of:

Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM)

Answer 12

Adult

Paediatric

Question 13

describe the need for assisted ventilations

Answer 13

Inadequate and absent ventilation requires rapid intervention to reduce hypoxia and CO2 retention and thus avoid cardiac arrest

Question 14

method for assisting ventilations

Answer 14

Essential to open the airway and use appropriate basic airway adjuncts

Maintain airway position, apply and seal mask using the C-E grip

Pull the patients face up and into the mask - pushing down on the mask alone may close the airway

check for chest rise to ensure good ventilation occurrence

Question 15

normal respiratory rates for different age groups

Answer 15

0-12months 30-40BreathsPM

1-2yrs 25-35BPM

2-5yrs 25-30BPM

5-11yrs 20-25BPM

Question 16

when to consider assisted ventilation in:

Head Trauma

Answer 16

Pt’s with reduced LOC are at risk of airway compromise due to loss of muscle tone in oropharyngeal structures and loss of gag reflex.

Secondary brain injury occurs following the primary event as a result of hypoxia, hypercarbia or hypoperfusion

SpO2 is 30 / min

Inadequate chest expansion

Question 17

Dangers in head trauma associated with:

Hyperventilation

Answer 17

Cerebral vasoconstriction causing decreased cerebral O2 delivery

Question 18

Dangers in head trauma associated with:

Hypoventilation

Answer 18

Hypoxia

Hypercarbia

Question 19

optimal volume for adequate ventilation

Answer 19

tidal volume (500ml)