EAC Cardiac Conditions

Question 1

common cardiac conditions

Answer 1

Coronary heart disease

Angina pectoris

Acute coronary syndrome

Heart failure

Cardiomyopathy

Question 2

define:

Coronary heart disease CHD

Answer 2

Is when coronary arteries become narrowed by a gradual build up of fatty material within their walls.

this condition is called Atherosclerosis and the fatty material is called Atheroma

Question 3

Define:

Angina Pectoris

Answer 3

Ischemic chest pain due to a reduction of the blood supply to the myocardium. Caused by narrowing of the cardiac arteries due to CHD

Question 4

Signs and Symptoms of:

Angina Pectoris

Answer 4

Tends to occur on exertion or during emotional distress

Pain behind sternum running the length of the bone and spreading across chest

Pain sometimes radiating to jaw, throat, teeth, axilla and arms

Variable pulse

Nausea

Short, sharp breathing

Pallor

Pain subsides with rest (stable angina)

Question 5

management for:

Angina Pectoris

Answer 5

DR ABCDE

Place pt at rest

Help to reduce the workload of the heart (no walking/moving)

Consider GTN

Analgesia as required

ECG

Question 6

define:

Heart Failure

Answer 6

A condition that occurs due to failure of the heart to pump adequately.

can be either:
LVF Left Ventricular Failure
RVF Right Ventricular Failure
or both:
Congestive Cardiac Failure CCF

Question 7

Signs and Symptoms:

Heart Failure

Answer 7

Vary depending on the extent of heart failure, but 3 symptoms are common in all types:

Fatigue
Dyspnoea
Congestion

Question 8

Signs and Symptoms:

Left Ventricular Failure LVF

Answer 8

Pulmonary oedema: reduced cardiac output and increasing pulmonary hypertension

worsening cough

pink frothy cough

waking at night gasping for breath

breathlessness on lying down
-sleeping with more pillows recently?

Anxious/restlessness

Question 9

Signs and Symptoms:

Right Ventricular Failure RVF

Answer 9

Peripheral oedema: due to reduced right ventricular output and increasing systemic congestion (blood back ups)

Question 10

management of:

Heart Failure

Answer 10

if signs of ACS treat appropriately
does pt have:
Adequate perfusion?
O2 if SpO2 90mmHg systolic
consider Salbutamol if wheeze is present

Question 11

Signs of:

Adequate Perfusion

Answer 11

Normal mentation
Peripheral pulses present
BP>90mmHg
NOT pale
CBRT normal

Question 12

Signs of:

Inadequate Perfusion

Answer 12

Reduced LOC

BP

Question 13

Signs of:

Congestion

Answer 13

Pulmonary Oedema

Peripheral Oedema

Question 14

define:

Cardiomyopathy

Answer 14

Is the deterioration of the function of the myocardium for any reason, usually leading to heart failure.

people with cardiomyopathy are at risk of dangerous irregular heart beat and sudden cardiac death.

can effect any age

Question 15

signs and symptoms of:

Cardiomyopathy

Answer 15

Dyspnoea
Peripheral Oedema
Irregular heart beat