EAC Cells

Question 1

define the term:

Anatomy

Answer 1

Structure

Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body and the physical relations between its constituent parts.

Question 2

define the term:

Physiology

Answer 2

Function
Physiology is the study of how the body systems work, and the ways in which their integrated activities maintain life and health of the individual

Question 3

define the term:

Pathophysiology

Answer 3

The study of disease and its causes

Question 4

Describe the basic structure of:

Atoms

Answer 4

Nucleus made of: Protons and Neutrons

Electron Shells containing Electrons

Question 5

Describe the basic structure of:

Molecules

Answer 5

Molecules consist of two or more atoms that are chemically combined. The atoms may be of the same element e.g. a molecule of atmospheric oxygen (O2) contains two oxygen atoms

Question 6

Describe the basic structure of:

Compounds

Answer 6

A compounds is formed when two or more different elements combine e.g water is a compound of two hydrogen (H2) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom

Question 7

define the term:

cell

Answer 7

The cell is the basic unit of construction of all living things with the exception of viruses

Question 8

cells are made up of:

Answer 8

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Organelles:
Ribosomes (pea shaped)
Mitochondria (sausage shaped)

Question 9

describe the purpose of:

Plasma Membrane

Answer 9

surrounds the cell forming a semi permeable barrier giving structure and protection to the cell. Also controlling what goes in and out of the cell

Question 10

describe the purpose of:

Cytoplasm

Answer 10

a fluid substance contained by the plasma membrane, supporting and protecting organelles

Question 11

describe the purpose of:

Nucleus

Answer 11

Contains the information (genes) which determine cellular structure and function. controlling the cell.

Question 12

describe the purpose of:

Mitochondria

Answer 12

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell. They are organelles that act like a digestive system which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules (ATP) for the cell. The biochemical processes of the cell are known as cellular respiration

Question 13

describe the purpose of:

Ribosomes

Answer 13

Ribosomes - build chains of amino acids (protein). Cells need to make proteins. Enzymes made of proteins are used to help speed up biological processes. Other proteins support cell functions and are found embedded in membranes.

Question 14

cells require ? to function:

Answer 14

Oxygen
Water
Nutrients

Question 15

cell transport systems:

Passive

Answer 15

Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion

Question 16

cell transport systems:

Active

Answer 16

Channels
Endocytosis/Exocytosis
Phagocytosis

Question 17

describe:

Diffusion

Answer 17

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to and area of low concentration until all areas are of equal concentration

Question 18

describe:

Osmosis

Answer 18

the diffusion of water down its concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 19

describe:

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 19

is a form of passive transport across a biological membrane in which a transporter protein facilitates the movement of an otherwise membrane-impermeant molecule or ion across the plasma membrane. from and area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 20

describe:

Active transport channels

Answer 20

active transport uses cellular energy (produced by the mitochondria) to move molecules against a concentration gradient

Question 21

describe:

Endocytosis

Answer 21

A form of active transport moving molecules into the cell

Question 22

describe:

Exocytosis

Answer 22

A form of active transport moving molecules out of a cell

Question 23

describe:

Phagocytosis

Answer 23

Phagocytosis is the process of a cell eating. It is one type of endocytosis