EAC Cells Flashcards
define the term:
Anatomy
Structure
Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body and the physical relations between its constituent parts.
define the term:
Physiology
Function
Physiology is the study of how the body systems work, and the ways in which their integrated activities maintain life and health of the individual
define the term:
Pathophysiology
The study of disease and its causes
Describe the basic structure of:
Atoms
Nucleus made of: Protons and Neutrons
Electron Shells containing Electrons
Describe the basic structure of:
Molecules
Molecules consist of two or more atoms that are chemically combined. The atoms may be of the same element e.g. a molecule of atmospheric oxygen (O2) contains two oxygen atoms
Describe the basic structure of:
Compounds
A compounds is formed when two or more different elements combine e.g water is a compound of two hydrogen (H2) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom
define the term:
cell
The cell is the basic unit of construction of all living things with the exception of viruses
cells are made up of:
Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Organelles: Ribosomes (pea shaped) Mitochondria (sausage shaped)
describe the purpose of:
Plasma Membrane
surrounds the cell forming a semi permeable barrier giving structure and protection to the cell. Also controlling what goes in and out of the cell
describe the purpose of:
Cytoplasm
a fluid substance contained by the plasma membrane, supporting and protecting organelles
describe the purpose of:
Nucleus
Contains the information (genes) which determine cellular structure and function. controlling the cell.
describe the purpose of:
Mitochondria
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell. They are organelles that act like a digestive system which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules (ATP) for the cell. The biochemical processes of the cell are known as cellular respiration
describe the purpose of:
Ribosomes
Ribosomes - build chains of amino acids (protein). Cells need to make proteins. Enzymes made of proteins are used to help speed up biological processes. Other proteins support cell functions and are found embedded in membranes.
cells require ? to function:
Oxygen
Water
Nutrients
cell transport systems:
Passive
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
cell transport systems:
Active
Channels
Endocytosis/Exocytosis
Phagocytosis
describe:
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to and area of low concentration until all areas are of equal concentration
describe:
Osmosis
the diffusion of water down its concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
describe:
Facilitated diffusion
is a form of passive transport across a biological membrane in which a transporter protein facilitates the movement of an otherwise membrane-impermeant molecule or ion across the plasma membrane. from and area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
describe:
Active transport channels
active transport uses cellular energy (produced by the mitochondria) to move molecules against a concentration gradient
describe:
Endocytosis
A form of active transport moving molecules into the cell
describe:
Exocytosis
A form of active transport moving molecules out of a cell
describe:
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is the process of a cell eating. It is one type of endocytosis
