EAC Acute Coronary Syndrom ACS Flashcards
the pathophysiology of ACS
ACS occurs when there is an abrupt reduction or cessation in blood supply to the muscle of the heart; leading to myocardial ischemia.
Narrowing of the coronary arteries usually by atheroma
Damage or death of heart muscle usually following blockage of one or more of the coronary arteries
Abnormal back pressure due to inability of the heart to maintain normal circulation
signs and symptoms of:
ACS
Central chest pain crushing or constricting in nature that persists for >15mins.
Pain may also be present in the shoulders, upper abdomen or referred to the neck/jaw/arms.
accompanying signs and symptoms of:
ACS
Nausea and vomiting
Marked sweating
Breathlessness
Pallor
Combination of chest pain associated with poor BP
Feelings of impending doom
Skin clammy and cold to touch
aims of treatment for ACS
Reduction of myocardial necrosis (death) in pt’s with on going infarction (obstruction)
Prevention of major adverse cardiac events
Rapid defibrillation when V Fib occurs
events that lead to infarction
Thrombus in coronary artery
Spasm in coronary artery
Reduced overall blood flow: P.E, arrhythmias, shock
how do hospitals diagnose AMI
Blood test
ECG
describe the major delays in treatment of AMI
On scene time?
Transport time?
the ACS care bundle includes
Aspirin
GTN
TWO pain scores. pre and post intervention
Analgesia
management for:
ACS
DRABCDE Monitor closely, O2 if hypoxic ACS care bundle Consider paramedic intervention Where appropriate remove to ambulance at this stage avoiding exertion of pt 12 lead ECG monitor cardiac rhythm Continue further treatment en route Treat as time critical - pre hospital alert
therapeutic effects of:
Aspirin
Anti platelet action which reduces clot formation
Analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory
indications for:
Aspirin
.
cautions for:
Aspirin
.
contra-indications for:
Aspirin
.
side effects of:
Aspirin
.
how is ASPIRIN supplied
what’s the dosage
what’s the method of administration
PRF requirements
.
