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Pharm Part II > E4: Drug Abuse/Addiction Part I-Basics and Teen use > Flashcards

E4: Drug Abuse/Addiction Part I-Basics and Teen use Flashcards

1
Q

Which 2 drugs cause more medical problems than ALL OTHER drugs of abuse COMBINED?

A

Alcohol & Tobacco

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2
Q

Quick, what are the 4 attributes that increase the potential for a particular drug’s abuse?

A

1.Potency 2.Rapid Onset 3.Cheap 4.Easy to Get

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3
Q

________: When drugs are used in a manner or amount inconsistent with medical or social patterns of a culture (interesting definition)

A

Drug Abuse

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4
Q

_______: Use of legal pharmaceuticals outside of the

scope of sound medical practice

A

Drug Abuse

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5
Q

________: Non-sanctioned use of controlled substances

A

Drug Abuse

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6
Q

Changes that have occurred in the body after repeated use of a drug that necessitates the continued administration of a drug to prevent a WITHDRAWAL syndrome:

A

PHYSICAL dependence

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7
Q

Is physical dependence for a drug an addiction?

A

NO! Physical dependence is NOT an addiction! It can exist without an addiction

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8
Q

Physical dependence is NOT an addiction, but remember: addicts are usually ___________ on the drug they are abusing

A

physically dependent

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9
Q

Perceived “need” or “craving” for a drug:

A

Psychological Dependence

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10
Q

Psychological Dependence: Often feel that they cannot _____ without continued use of that substance

A

function

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11
Q

Which can last longer? Physical Dependence or Psychological Dependence?

A

Psychological Dependence

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12
Q

What is the primary reason for RELAPSE?

A

Psychological dependence

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13
Q

FROM MY CLINCIAL OBSERVATION YOU FIT THE MODLE FOR DRUG-SEEKING BEHAVIOR :) where acquiring and using a drug becomes the most important activity in the user’s life

A

Addiction

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14
Q

What type of dependence is ALWAYS associated with ADDICTION?

A

PSYCHOLOGICAL dependence

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15
Q

Preoccupation with obtaining the drug, Compulsive use in spite of adverse consequences, Relapse following periods of abstinence are all signs of ______

A

Addiction

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16
Q

Psychology Time! (Dori would be proud): What are 4 common behaviors assoc with ADDICTION?

A

1.Anal Retentive 2.Obsessive Compulsive 3.Controlling 4.Manipulative

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17
Q

What is the physiologic tolerance to or psychological dependence on a drug, short of addiction?

A

Habituation

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18
Q

_______: With repeated dosing, the dose of the drug must be increased to produce the same effect

A

Tolerance

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19
Q

Psychoactive drugs produce “______” tolerance (functional or behavioral) (definite decrease in the response of brain tissue to constantly increasing amounts of the drug)

A

“central”

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20
Q

Central Tolerance is NOT the same as _______ tolerance which is caused by accelerated METABOLISM of the drug

A

metabolic tolerance

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21
Q

Turns out ________ tolerance is insignificant factor in overall tolerance for MOST psychoactive drugs

A

metabolic

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22
Q

The behavior of others (e.g. family and friends) who are associated with the drug addict that results in continued drug abuse

A

Enabling

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23
Q

The state of being free of drugs

A

Abstinence

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24
Q

What is the goal of drug treatment programs?

A

Abstinence!

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25
Q

______ of a drug differs from abuse, as it implies that the drug is being used inappropriately for the patient’s disease state

A

MISUSE

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26
Q

A primary, chronic, progressive, relapsing disease process with genetic, psychosocial and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations

A

Chemical Dependency

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27
Q

What are the 4 steps to progressive nature of addiction?

A

1.Experimental —-> 2.Social ——> 3.Abuse ——-> 4.Addiction

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28
Q

MAJORITY of “_______” of a drug will become addicted

A

“social users”

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29
Q

What are the 2 GATEWAY drugs?

A

Nicotine and EtOH

30
Q

What are the 3 drugs to STEER CLEAR of Rx’ing when a Pt indicates Hx of Chemical Dependency? What is an example of an addiction it could trigger?

A
  1. Opiates 2.BenzoDiazepine 3.Nitrous Oxide…..Alcoholism relapse from the use of one of these
31
Q

Exam like concept: When comparing drugs in the same group, the time required to produce physical dependence is ______ with a rapidly metabolized drug and ______ with a slowly metabolized drug

A

shortest….longest

32
Q

Exam like concept: The time course of withdrawal reactions is related to the _______ of the drug: the shorter it is, the quicker the withdrawal occurs

A

half-life

33
Q

Treating abuse: Individual MUST have _________ for best chance of success

A

the desire to stop

34
Q

a leading cause of visits to the ER due to accidental or intentional overdose

A

Access to drugs in the medicine cabinet

35
Q

WHY are children so susceptible to over dose? (physiologically)

A

Increased membrane permeability (allows drugs to be absorbed more quickly and more easily)

36
Q

Review: Dosing is based on the _____ of the child….Typically, children receive ____ of the adult dose

A

weight…half

37
Q

What did the Poison Prevention Act of 1970 enact?

A

Child-Resistant Containers for meds

38
Q

Kids with high anxiety seek “_______”

A

downers

39
Q

Kids with low self esteem/PROMISCUITY seek “______”

A

uppers

40
Q

What is the best thing to look for when assessing the drug habit of a child?

A

they Appear drunk or intoxicated

41
Q

More children are abusing _________ than cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens and Ecstasy COMBINED….they call it “_______”

A

prescription drugs…“Pharming”

42
Q

What are the 5 main categories of drugs that children use?

A

1.Alcohol 2.Tobacco 3.MaryJane 4.Rx Drugs 5.Inhalants

43
Q

What is the MOST ABUSED Rx drug by teenagers?

A

Hydrocodone with acetaminophen

44
Q

When does inhalant use by children peak?

A

8th grade

45
Q

_______ cause more overdoses in adolescents than

cocaine and heroin combined

A

Opiates

46
Q

I don’t know why this makes me laugh, but what are the two types of inhalant methods? (kenny powers)

A
  1. huffing 2.bagging
47
Q

What is the main ingredient in inhalants that yields the wanted outcome of huffers? What does it contain?

A

DI-FLURO-ETHANE…contains halogenated hydrocarbons

48
Q

Huffers are a concern in the dental office because _________ increases the heart muscle sensitivity to _______ and it can lead to SUDDEN death.

A

DI-FLURO-ETHANE….epinephrine

49
Q

What is the chemical name for “poppers”, “snappers” etc?

A

AMYL and BUTYL NITRATE

50
Q

What gas is used for Whipped cream and “Whippets”?

A

Nitrous Oxide!

51
Q

Inhalent signs: produce similar effects as _________ and patient will seem _______

A

anesthetics….drunk

52
Q

What is the CUMULATIVE damage associated with huffing?

A

HEPATOtoxicity

53
Q

What drug is “RoboTripping” done with?

A

DEXTRO-METHOR-PHAN (robitussin)

54
Q

What drug is used in “Triple C” or “Skittles”

A

CORI-CID-IN high blood pressure….has Dextro-Methor-Phan in it

55
Q

THE STUDY: EtOH use continues to ______ (41% use)

A

DECLINE!

56
Q

THE STUDY: Binge drinking ______ (12% binge)

A

declined

57
Q

THE STUDY: What % of 12th graders admitted to binge drinking in the past 2 weeks?

A

20%

58
Q

THE STUDY: Wow, ___% of young people have used an illicit drug before leaving high school

A

47%

59
Q

THE STUDY: Cigarette use reached historical lows in 2014

􏰀 For all grades combined, ___% reported smoking in prior month

A

8%

60
Q

THE STUDY: Cigarette use reached historical lows in 2014… Increasing _____ disapproval

A

peer

61
Q

THE STUDY: Which type of smoking do teens prefer? e-digs or reg cigs?

A

e-cigs

62
Q

THE STUDY: Wow! 1998 = 56% of students had ever tried tobacco cigarettes….2014 = ____%

A

23% more than halved!

63
Q

THE STUDY: Illicit drug use has DECLINED!! Which one had the greatest decline?

A

synthetic maryjane (spice) (its not seen as dangerous though)

64
Q

Bath Salts contain one or more synthetic chemicals related to _________

A

cathinone (BATH CATH)

65
Q

Bath Salts are an ________-like stimulant found naturally in the ____ plant

A

amphetamine-like stimulant….KHAT plant…(BATH CATH KHAT)

66
Q

What drug am I? Produce euphoria, increased sociability and sex drive, paranoia, agitation, hallucinatory delirium; may display psychotic/violent behavior (eating people’s faces); death

A

Bath Salts

67
Q

WTF is this? 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), mephedrone (“Drone,” “Meph,” or “Meow Meow”), and methylone

A

Bath Salts

68
Q

What % of high school aged kids used MaryJane in the Mich study?

A

24%

69
Q

THE STUDY: what has the use of hallucinogens (Ectasy, Saliva,Shrooms) increased or decreased over the years?

A

Decreased

70
Q

THE STUDY: What % reported used of Rx drugs?

A

14%

71
Q

THE STUDY: What is the #1 way 12th graders got a hold of Rx drugs?

A

given to them by friend or relative

Pharm Part II (28 decks)

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