E4: Drug Abuse/Addiction Part I-Basics and Teen use Flashcards
Which 2 drugs cause more medical problems than ALL OTHER drugs of abuse COMBINED?
Alcohol & Tobacco
Quick, what are the 4 attributes that increase the potential for a particular drug’s abuse?
1.Potency 2.Rapid Onset 3.Cheap 4.Easy to Get
________: When drugs are used in a manner or amount inconsistent with medical or social patterns of a culture (interesting definition)
Drug Abuse
_______: Use of legal pharmaceuticals outside of the
scope of sound medical practice
Drug Abuse
________: Non-sanctioned use of controlled substances
Drug Abuse
Changes that have occurred in the body after repeated use of a drug that necessitates the continued administration of a drug to prevent a WITHDRAWAL syndrome:
PHYSICAL dependence
Is physical dependence for a drug an addiction?
NO! Physical dependence is NOT an addiction! It can exist without an addiction
Physical dependence is NOT an addiction, but remember: addicts are usually ___________ on the drug they are abusing
physically dependent
Perceived “need” or “craving” for a drug:
Psychological Dependence
Psychological Dependence: Often feel that they cannot _____ without continued use of that substance
function
Which can last longer? Physical Dependence or Psychological Dependence?
Psychological Dependence
What is the primary reason for RELAPSE?
Psychological dependence
FROM MY CLINCIAL OBSERVATION YOU FIT THE MODLE FOR DRUG-SEEKING BEHAVIOR :) where acquiring and using a drug becomes the most important activity in the user’s life
Addiction
What type of dependence is ALWAYS associated with ADDICTION?
PSYCHOLOGICAL dependence
Preoccupation with obtaining the drug, Compulsive use in spite of adverse consequences, Relapse following periods of abstinence are all signs of ______
Addiction
Psychology Time! (Dori would be proud): What are 4 common behaviors assoc with ADDICTION?
1.Anal Retentive 2.Obsessive Compulsive 3.Controlling 4.Manipulative
What is the physiologic tolerance to or psychological dependence on a drug, short of addiction?
Habituation
_______: With repeated dosing, the dose of the drug must be increased to produce the same effect
Tolerance
Psychoactive drugs produce “______” tolerance (functional or behavioral) (definite decrease in the response of brain tissue to constantly increasing amounts of the drug)
“central”
Central Tolerance is NOT the same as _______ tolerance which is caused by accelerated METABOLISM of the drug
metabolic tolerance
Turns out ________ tolerance is insignificant factor in overall tolerance for MOST psychoactive drugs
metabolic
The behavior of others (e.g. family and friends) who are associated with the drug addict that results in continued drug abuse
Enabling
The state of being free of drugs
Abstinence
What is the goal of drug treatment programs?
Abstinence!
______ of a drug differs from abuse, as it implies that the drug is being used inappropriately for the patient’s disease state
MISUSE
A primary, chronic, progressive, relapsing disease process with genetic, psychosocial and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations
Chemical Dependency
What are the 4 steps to progressive nature of addiction?
1.Experimental —-> 2.Social ——> 3.Abuse ——-> 4.Addiction
MAJORITY of “_______” of a drug will become addicted
“social users”
What are the 2 GATEWAY drugs?
Nicotine and EtOH
What are the 3 drugs to STEER CLEAR of Rx’ing when a Pt indicates Hx of Chemical Dependency? What is an example of an addiction it could trigger?
- Opiates 2.BenzoDiazepine 3.Nitrous Oxide…..Alcoholism relapse from the use of one of these
Exam like concept: When comparing drugs in the same group, the time required to produce physical dependence is ______ with a rapidly metabolized drug and ______ with a slowly metabolized drug
shortest….longest
Exam like concept: The time course of withdrawal reactions is related to the _______ of the drug: the shorter it is, the quicker the withdrawal occurs
half-life
Treating abuse: Individual MUST have _________ for best chance of success
the desire to stop
a leading cause of visits to the ER due to accidental or intentional overdose
Access to drugs in the medicine cabinet
WHY are children so susceptible to over dose? (physiologically)
Increased membrane permeability (allows drugs to be absorbed more quickly and more easily)
Review: Dosing is based on the _____ of the child….Typically, children receive ____ of the adult dose
weight…half
What did the Poison Prevention Act of 1970 enact?
Child-Resistant Containers for meds
Kids with high anxiety seek “_______”
downers
Kids with low self esteem/PROMISCUITY seek “______”
uppers
What is the best thing to look for when assessing the drug habit of a child?
they Appear drunk or intoxicated
More children are abusing _________ than cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens and Ecstasy COMBINED….they call it “_______”
prescription drugs…“Pharming”
What are the 5 main categories of drugs that children use?
1.Alcohol 2.Tobacco 3.MaryJane 4.Rx Drugs 5.Inhalants
What is the MOST ABUSED Rx drug by teenagers?
Hydrocodone with acetaminophen
When does inhalant use by children peak?
8th grade
_______ cause more overdoses in adolescents than
cocaine and heroin combined
Opiates
I don’t know why this makes me laugh, but what are the two types of inhalant methods? (kenny powers)
- huffing 2.bagging
What is the main ingredient in inhalants that yields the wanted outcome of huffers? What does it contain?
DI-FLURO-ETHANE…contains halogenated hydrocarbons
Huffers are a concern in the dental office because _________ increases the heart muscle sensitivity to _______ and it can lead to SUDDEN death.
DI-FLURO-ETHANE….epinephrine
What is the chemical name for “poppers”, “snappers” etc?
AMYL and BUTYL NITRATE
What gas is used for Whipped cream and “Whippets”?
Nitrous Oxide!
Inhalent signs: produce similar effects as _________ and patient will seem _______
anesthetics….drunk
What is the CUMULATIVE damage associated with huffing?
HEPATOtoxicity
What drug is “RoboTripping” done with?
DEXTRO-METHOR-PHAN (robitussin)
What drug is used in “Triple C” or “Skittles”
CORI-CID-IN high blood pressure….has Dextro-Methor-Phan in it
THE STUDY: EtOH use continues to ______ (41% use)
DECLINE!
THE STUDY: Binge drinking ______ (12% binge)
declined
THE STUDY: What % of 12th graders admitted to binge drinking in the past 2 weeks?
20%
THE STUDY: Wow, ___% of young people have used an illicit drug before leaving high school
47%
THE STUDY: Cigarette use reached historical lows in 2014
For all grades combined, ___% reported smoking in prior month
8%
THE STUDY: Cigarette use reached historical lows in 2014… Increasing _____ disapproval
peer
THE STUDY: Which type of smoking do teens prefer? e-digs or reg cigs?
e-cigs
THE STUDY: Wow! 1998 = 56% of students had ever tried tobacco cigarettes….2014 = ____%
23% more than halved!
THE STUDY: Illicit drug use has DECLINED!! Which one had the greatest decline?
synthetic maryjane (spice) (its not seen as dangerous though)
Bath Salts contain one or more synthetic chemicals related to _________
cathinone (BATH CATH)
Bath Salts are an ________-like stimulant found naturally in the ____ plant
amphetamine-like stimulant….KHAT plant…(BATH CATH KHAT)
What drug am I? Produce euphoria, increased sociability and sex drive, paranoia, agitation, hallucinatory delirium; may display psychotic/violent behavior (eating people’s faces); death
Bath Salts
WTF is this? 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), mephedrone (“Drone,” “Meph,” or “Meow Meow”), and methylone
Bath Salts
What % of high school aged kids used MaryJane in the Mich study?
24%
THE STUDY: what has the use of hallucinogens (Ectasy, Saliva,Shrooms) increased or decreased over the years?
Decreased
THE STUDY: What % reported used of Rx drugs?
14%
THE STUDY: What is the #1 way 12th graders got a hold of Rx drugs?
given to them by friend or relative
