Drugs of Abuse Flashcards
Define: Compulsive Drug-using behavior
Addiction
Define: Decreased response to a drug
Tolerance
Identify Etiology of tolerance:
increased disposition of the drug
Metabolic Tolerance
Identify Etiology of tolerance:
ability to compensate for the effects of a drug
Behavioral Tolerance
Identify Etiology of tolerance:
Changes in receptor or effector systems involved in drug actions
Functional Tolerance
Abstinence syndrome is also known as
Withdrawal syndrome
Dopamine in the __________ of the brain appears to play a role in reward.
Mesolimbic System
Excess dopamine stimulation may lead to pathologic reinforcement
Enumerate: Amphetamines
Detroamphetamine
Metamphetamine
Identify Drug:
Feeling of euphoria and self-confidence
In chronic high dose, can lead to psychotic state, necrotizing arteritis (leading to cerebral hemorrhage and renal failure)
Amphetamines
Pathophysiology of Amphetamine Overdose
Increased release of catecholamines
Tx for Amphetamine overdose
No antidote
Control body temp
Protect against cardiac arrhythmia and seizures
Pathophysiology of Amphetamine Withdrawal
It’s like from overdrive to crashing
Tx for Amphetamine withdrawal
Antidepressants (amineptin, mirtazapine) are of limited benefit
Acidify urine to increase elimination
Similar drugs to Amphetamines
Congeners
DOM
MDA
MDMA (Ecstasy)
Effects of Similar drugs to Amphetamines (Congeners)
more selective action on serotonin transporters
facilitate interpersonal communication
acts as sexual enhancers
depletion of neurons in serotonergic tracts
Sx of MDMA Overdose
Profound hyponatremia Serotonin Syndrome Heart Kidney CNS
Tx for MDMA Overdose
Supportive care (control seizures, hyperthermia, and serotonin syndrome) Fluid resuscitation with HYPERTONIC SALINE for hyponatremia
Cocaine has similar effects to this drug
Amphetamine
Effects of Cocaine
Short-lasting euphoria, self confidence and mental alertness
Sx of Cocaine Overdose
Mydriasis (Nakakita ka ng Coke, nanlaki mata mo) Crack Lung (Hemorrhagic Alveolitis)
Tx for Cocaine Overdose
No specific antidote
Supportive care
When used in pregnancy, this drug is associated with increased fetal morbidity and mortality
Cocaine
Sx of Cocaine withdrawal: Stimulating/Depressive?
Depressive
Tx for Cocaine Withdrawal
Antidepressant drugs may be incidated
Infants born to mothers who abused this drug can have Cystic Cortical Lesions
Cocaine
Enumerate Phencyclidine Agents
Phencyclidine
Ketamine
Effects of Phencyclidine
Antagonists of Glutamate NMDA
No actions on Dopa neurons in the CNS
Most dangerous hallucinogenic agent
PCP
Psychomimetic
Sx of Phencyclidine Overdose
Horizontal and Vertical Nystagmus
Fatal Seizures
Tx for Phencyclidine Overdose
Parenteral benzodiazepines (Diazepam, Lorazepam) to curb excitation and protect against seizures
Enumerate Miscellaneous HALLUCINOGENIC Agents
LSD
Mescaline
Psilocybin
Effects of Hallucinogenic Agents
Psychedelic and mind ravelling effects
Marked somatic effects
Panic reactions
Active ingredient in Marijuana
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
More potent and partially purified Marijuana is called
Hashish
Effects of Marijuana are potentiated by concomitant use of _____________ like ethanol
Class?
Sedative - Hypnotics
Effects of marijuana
Dream like state Vasodilation Tachycardia Reddened conjunctiva (Bloody Mari(juana) = Red) Dry mouth (ANTICHOLINERGIC! Like atropine)
