Antimycobacterial Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Nicotinic acid derivative
Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, bactericidal
Drug for TB
SE: Neurotoxicity, hepatitis, drug-induced Lupus
Potent CYP450 inhibitor

A

Isoniazid

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2
Q

Most important drug for TB

A

Isoniazid

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3
Q

Prevent neurotoxicity in Isoniazid by giving

A

Pyridoxine

Vit B6

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4
Q

Inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase, bactericidal
Drug for TB (Active, latent), leprosy, meningococcal and staphylococcal carrier states
SE: Red orange urine, hepatotoxicity, flu like syndrome
Potent CYP450 INDUCER
Delays resistance to dapsone

A

Rifampicin

Don’t be confused with RNA-Dependent DNA Polymerase (HIV DRUGS)

RNA polymerase inhibitor
Red Orange body fluids
Rapid development of resistance
Revs up Cytochrome P450

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5
Q

Inhibits RNA-Dependent DNA Polymerase

A

HIV Drugs

Don’t be confused with DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Rifampicin)

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6
Q

Butanol derivative
Acts on mycobacterial cell wall, bacteriostatic
Drug for active TB
SE: Visual disturbances, red-green color blindness, retrobulbar neuritis, retinal damage
Perform baseline ophthalmologic exam before starting antimycobacterial therapy

A

Ethambutol

EYE
No liver toxicity

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7
Q
Bacteriostatic but can be bacteriocidal on actively dividing mycobacteria
Drug for active TB
SE: Hepatotoxicity, Hyperuricemia
Also known as sterilizing agent
MOST HEPATOTOXIC TB Drug
A

Pyrazinamide

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8
Q

Which anti-TB drugs are hepatotoxic?

A

Iso a Red Pyre!

Isoniazid<Pyrazinamide

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9
Q

Drug for streptomycin resistant TB

A

Amikacin

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10
Q

Drug for TB resistant to first line drugs

A

Ciprofloxacin

Ofloxacin

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11
Q

Drug with no cross resistance with INH

A

Ethionamide

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12
Q

Drug rarely used in TB because primary resistance is common

A

P-Aminosalicylic Acid (PAS)

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13
Q

Alternative Anti-TB drug

SE: Ototoxicity

A

Capreomycin

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14
Q

Alternative Anti-TB drug

SE: Peripheral Neuropathy

A

Cycloserine

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15
Q

Inhibits Folic Acid Synthesis, bacteriostatic
Drug for leprosy, backup for PCP Pneumonia
SE: Methemoglobinemia
Most active drug against M. Leprae
Ususally in combination with Rifampicin and Cofazimine

A

Dapsone

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16
Q

Phenazine dye
Binds to guanine bases in bacterial GNA, bactericidal
Drug for leprosy (sulfone resistance)
SE: Skin discoloration, red-brown discoloration of breast milk
Discontinued in the US

A

Colfazimine

17
Q

Drug for atypical mycobacteria prophylaxis

A

Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
With or without rifabutin (For M. Avium Complex in HIV) in pxs with CD4<50/L

18
Q

Tx for Atypical mycobacteria

A

Azithromycin/Clarithromycin + Ethambutol AND Rifabutin