Drugs for arthritis and gout Flashcards
Mechanism of corticosteroids
Form lipocortin, a protein that inhibits phospholipase A2 activity. Inhibits the release of arachidonic acid and formation of prostaglandins
Drug that inhibits AICAR transformylase, dihydrofolate reductase, and thymidylate synthetase
Methotrexate
Side effects of methotrexate
Elevated LFTs
Cytopenia
Somatitis
GI ulcerations
Alopecia
Contraindicated in pregnancy
Drugs that increase methotrexate levels
Probenecid
Aspirin
Drug that adds to the inhibition DHFR and depresses bone marrow when taken with methotrexate
Trimethoprim
Purine antimetabolite used for RA
Azathioprine
Adverse effects of azathioprine
Bone marrow suppression
GI disturbances
Increased infection risk
Risk of using azathioprine long-term
Lymphoma
Drug that selectively inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2, and other cytokine production
Cyclosporine
Adverse effects of cyclosporine
Nephrotoxic
Impairs liver function
Hirsutism
Gum hyperplasia
Increase BP
Precipitation of diabetes
5-amino salicylic acid with an antibacterial drug for RA
Sulfasalazine
Other uses for sulfasalazine
UC and Crohn’s
Drug that suppresses T cell responses to mitogens, reduces chemotaxis and phagocytosis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and decreases the production of superoxide radicals
Hydroxychloroquine
Adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine
Blurred vision
Scotomas
Night blindness
Drug that inhibits DHODH to result in decreases DNA replication
Leflunomide
Other use of leflunomide
MS
Adverse effects of leflunomide
Diarrhea
Hepatotoxicity
Alopecia
Terotegenic
Alternative to methotrexate for first-line management of RA
Leflunomide
Adverse effects of TNF-alpha inhibitors
Infection
Reactivation of hep B or latent TB
Lymphomas
Legionella and listeria
Blackbox warning for TNF-alpha inhibitors
Legionalla pneumonia and listeria infection risk
Drug formed by recombining human soluble TNF-alpha receptors with Fc fragmants of human IgG1
Etanercept
Chimeric IgG1 monoclonal antibody TNF-alpha inhibitor
Infiximab
Fully human IgG1 anti-TNF monoclonal antibody
Adalimumab
Drug that complexes with soluble TNF-alpha and prevents its interaction with p55
Adalimumab